Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a ground substrate, a feeding point provided on the ground substrate, a first loop antenna of which one end is electrically connected to the feeding point and of which another end is electrically connected to the ground substrate and moreover which operates at a first frequency, and a second loop antenna of which both ends are respectively connected to a first end point and a second end point of the first loop antenna and which operates at a second frequency. A space between the first end point and the second end point forms a gap with a range in which the first loop antenna is capable of resonating at the first frequency.

Abstract: A cylindrical vessel made of carbon is used in the production of silicon. The inner surface of the vessel comes into contact with a silicon melt, wherein the permeation with silicon melt is reduced, formation of SiC is suppressed, and the vessel is resistant to deformation even when volumetric expansion ascribable to silicon is brought about. The carbon-made cylindrical vessel is made of a carbon material having a bulk specific gravity of 1.8 or more. The thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon material at 350 to 450° C. is preferably 3.5×10?6/° C. to 6.0×10?6/° C. A process for producing silicon uses said vessel wherein a chlorosilane is reacted with hydrogen.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent leakage of a raw material gas or molten silicon in a carbon columnar container which is constructed by connecting plural carbon cylindrical members to each other by a screw portion provided along the periphery of an end of each of the cylindrical members, by sealing a gap present at the connection portion through a high-reliability method that causes no cracking or the like.

Abstract: A cylindrical vessel made of carbon is used in the production of silicon. The inner surface of the vessel comes into contact with a silicon melt, wherein the permeation with silicon melt is reduced, formation of SiC is suppressed, and the vessel is resistant to deformation even when volumetric expansion ascribable to silicon is brought about. The carbon-made cylindrical vessel is made of a carbon material having a bulk specific gravity of 1.8 or more. The thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon material at 350 to 450° C. is preferably 3.5×10?6/° C. to 6.0×10?6/° C. A process for producing silicon uses said vessel wherein a chlorosilane is reacted with hydrogen.