Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel X-ray detector, comprising an X-ray-electric charge conversion film converting an incident X-ray into an electric charge, a pixel electrode contiguous to the X-ray-electric charge conversion film and arranged for every pixel, a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, a signal line connected to the switching element, and a scanning line supplying a driving signal to the switching element, wherein the X-ray-electric charge conversion film contains phosphor particles, a photosensitive material, and a carrier transfer material.

Abstract: An X-ray semiconductor detector has a pixel array structure in which a plurality of pixel elements are arrayed in a matrix. Each pixel element includes an X-ray/charge conversion film for generating charges in accordance with an incident X-ray, a storage capacitor for storing the signal charges generated in the X-ray/charge conversion film, a signal read transistor for reading the signal charges from the storage capacitor, and a protective diode arranged to remove excessive charges from the storage capacitor and prevent dielectric breakdown of the signal read transistor. The protective diode is arranged below the storage capacitor. Since the protective diode is arranged below the storage capacitor, it does not decrease the pixel density. Since the protective diode is covered with the storage capacitor, it can be shielded from an X-ray. Therefore, variations in OFF current of the protective diode by an X-ray and dielectric breakdown of the protective diode can be prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell stack comprising a fuel cell unit and separators which are stacked with each other. The separator is provided with a cooling medium supply port corresponding to a central portion of an electrode power-generating section and a cooling medium discharge port corresponding to an outer circumferential portion of the electrode power-generating section. The cooling medium supply port communicates with the cooling medium discharge port via a cooling medium flow passage having a spiral configuration. Accordingly, the entire fuel cell unit can be uniformly cooled, and the power-generating function can be effectively improved.

Abstract: A planar X-ray detector has an X-ray charge conversion film converting an incident X-ray into electric charges, pixel electrodes provided on the X-ray charge conversion film corresponding to respective pixels arranged in an array, switching elements connected to the respective pixel electrodes, signal lines, each of which is connected to a column of switching elements, scanning lines, each of which transmits driving signals to a raw of switching elements, and a common electrode provided on the surface of the X-ray charge conversion film opposite to the surface on which the pixel electrodes are provided. The X-ray charge conversion film contains an X-ray sensitive material made of inorganic semiconductor particles, and a carrier transport material made of an organic semiconductor.

Abstract: First gas flow passage grooves communicating with a fuel gas inlet and second gas flow passage grooves communicating with a fuel gas outlet are provided on a surface of a first separator. First and second united sections are provided at merged portions of the first gas flow passage grooves and the second gas flow passage grooves. Accordingly, the number of gas flow passage grooves is throttled from the side of the fuel gas inlet to the side of the fuel gas outlet. The turbulence is allowed to occur at the throttled portion to make it possible to improve the gas diffusion performance.

Abstract: An image detecting device has a large dynamic range that deals with a plurality of image detecting modes. The image detecting device is composed of pixels e (i, j) arranged in a matrix array. Each pixel has a photoelectric element. In each pixel, a capacitor 102 and a protecting diode 103 are disposed. The capacitor 102 stores electric charge corresponding to the intensity of penetrated light to the relevant pixel. The protecting diode limits the capacitance. A bias voltage is supplied to the protecting diode 103 through a bias line Bias. The bias voltage is adjusted by a bias voltage controlling system 133 corresponding to the frame rate. Thus, the influence of a leak current in the off-state of the protecting diode 103 can be alleviated against electric charge stored in the capacitor 102. Consequently, an image with a high S/N ratio can be obtained regardless of the frame rate.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack comprises first and second separators for holding a fuel cell unit therebetween. The first separator has a fuel gas flow passage and the second separator has an oxygen-containing gas flow passage. The gas flow passages are formed by grooves with the number of grooves decreasing from the inlet to the outlet. In one embodiment, the gas flow passage comprises twelve individual first gas flow passage grooves which communicate with an inlet hole on a gas inlet side, six individual second gas flow passage grooves which communicate with the first gas flow passage grooves, and three individual third gas flow passage grooves which communicate with the second gas flow passage grooves. The third gas flow passage grooves communicate with an outlet hole on a gas outlet side.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus utilized in an imaging analysis apparatus that includes plural charge conversion devices for converting irradiated X-rays into electric charge and corresponding plural charge storage devices for storing the converted electric charge. Each charge conversion device and charge storage device represent a pixel in an image and are read by a thin film transistor. A thin film diode is connected to each charge storage device to discharge excessive stored voltage. The thin film diode has a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM structure), a Metal Semi-Insulator (MSI structure), or a Back-to-Back (BTB structure).

Abstract: According to a driving method of a matrix-type display device of the present invention, a reference clock signal supplied by a reference clock oscillator is divided by a plurality of frequency dividing circuits, so that division clock signals are obtained. One among the division clock signals is selected by a switching operation by a switching circuit, and the selected division clock signal is outputted as a sampling clock signal to a row electrode driving circuit. Timings for the switching operation of the switching circuit are controlled by a switching control circuit in accordance with a horizontal synchronization signal and the reference clock signal. One or more of the frequency dividing circuits outputs a division clock signal having unequal clocks, when necessary. By thus arranging the division clock signals so that they have unequal clocks, it is allowed to set N of the division ratio 1/N to a value other than an integral number.

Abstract: A driving circuit for an image display device includes a signal generating circuit for generating an initiation control signal for controlling the initiation of sampling of a video signal to be input, and a sampling pulse timing signal for determining timing of sampling. When a set of discrete signals is input as the video signal, the signal generating circuit generates two sampling pulse timing signals whose phases differ from each other, selects one of the sampling pulse timing signals alternately in each horizontal scanning period, and outputs the selected sampling pulse timing signal to a shift register in a source driver. The signal generating circuit also switches the output signal between the two sampling pulse timing signals in a set of four fields.

Abstract: A method of removing furnace deposit in a non-ferrous smelting furnace, comprising the steps of inserting a lance 2 provided with a spray nozzle 4 at the tip thereof from a furnace ceiling into a furnace; spraying a reducing agent from the spray nozzle 4 at the tip of the lance toward a molten deposit mainly comprising oxides adhering to a furnace wall surface of a non-ferrous smelting furnace by turning the lance within a prescribed angular range and vertically moving the lance within a prescribed range; reducing the molten deposit into a low-melting-point slag; causing the slag to flow; and discharging the slag together with furnace slag to outside the furnace.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprises an X-ray emission unit for emitting X-rays onto a human body under examination, an X-ray emission control unit for outputting an X-ray emission signal to direct the X-ray emission unit to emit X-rays, a flat panel X-ray detector having a two-dimensional array of detector elements in rows (lines) and columns, each of the detector elements converting incident X-rays passed through the human body under examination into an electric charge signal and storing it, a resetting unit for placing each line of the detector elements in the readout state in sequence, thereby discharging electric charge stored on each of the detector elements, a storage unit for placing all the lines of the detector elements in the readout state to thereby allow each of the detector elements to store an electric charge signal, and a readout unit for placing each line of the detector elements in the readout state in sequence to thereby read an electric charge signal from each of the detector elements.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device has a video interface having a reference value shifter and a level converter, which work as a gamma controller, and has a counter electrode signal generating circuit having a feedback amplifying circuit for adjusting peak-to-peak amplitude of a counter electrode signal on the basis of a control signal sent from a brightness adjuster. The reference value shifter shifts a reference value of polygonal-line approximation characteristics as much as a variation of the counter electrode signal amplitude on the basis of the control signal sent from the brightness adjuster. The level converter converts a level of an image signal in accordance with the polygonal-line approximation characteristics determined on the basis of the varying reference value, and thus compensates non-linearity of light transmittance index characteristics of liquid crystal to an applied voltage.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an X-ray diagnosis apparatus having an X-ray plane detector capable of removing the influence of a scattered X-ray by using a grid and also preventing a Moire image. An X-ray image transmitted through a target object is sensed by a plane detector in units of pixels which are two-dimensionally arranged at a predetermined pitch. A scattered X-ray incident on the plane detector is removed by a scattered ray removing grid having plate-like X-ray shielding members and arranged on an X-ray incident side of the plane detector. The X-ray shielding members are arranged such that an X-ray shielding pattern on the X-ray incident surface of the plane detector has a pitch corresponding to an integer fraction of the arrangement pitch of the pixels. When a steady positional relationship is kept between the pitch of the X-ray detection elements and the period of the fringe pattern of the X-ray which is shielded by the grid, a Moire image can be prevented.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack having unit cells and separators, in which each unit cell comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having a pair of electrode catalysts attached on both surfaces, and a pair of collectors, each made of a rigid body, being in contact with respective electrode catalysts, and each of the separators comprises a pair of pressure generating plates defining therebetween a pressure chamber to which a pressurized fluid is introduced, the pressure generating plates being deformed by the pressurized fluid and pressed against the adjacent respective collectors.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack having unit cells and separators, in which each unit cell comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having a pair of electrode catalysts attached on both surfaces, and a pair of collectors, each made of a rigid body, being in contact with respective electrode catalysts, and each of the separators comprises a pair of pressure generating plates defining therebetween a pressure chamber to which a pressurized fluid is introduced, the pressure generating plates being deformed by the pressurized fluid and pressed against the adjacent respective collectors.

Abstract: An airbag sensor for triggering the inflation of an airbag forming part of an airbag restraint system for an automotive vehicle, during a vehicle collision. The airbag sensor is arranged to be locked to disable the triggering function during maintenance and test run upon loosening a locking releasing bolt, and to be unlocked to normally function during norman driving of the vehicle upon tightening the bolt. A sufficient tightening of the locking releasing bolt provides closing of an electric circuit to operate a warning device which informs a mechanic of completion of the locking releasing.