Abstract: A liquid-drop ejection device having a plurality of ejectors each having a variable-capacity ink channel. The capacity of the ink channels is variable to generate sufficient pressure to thereby eject ink in the ink channels from nozzles communicating with the ink channels onto paper or the like. The ejection device further comprises a piezoelectric transducer having a plurality of walls for separating the ink channels from one another. The walls have drive electrodes formed on upper or lower portions. The upper portions of the walls are narrower in width than the lower portions. A method of forming the ejection device comprises a first step of forming grooves including portions for receiving drive electrodes, a second step of forming the drive electrodes in the grooves and a third step of further forming the grooves to provide additional portions having widths different from the portions of the grooves formed in the first step.

Abstract: An actuator driven by a piezo-electric element in this invention is provided with a piezo-electric element whose negative linear expansion caused by the change of circumjacent temperature is compensated for by positive linear expansion of a temperature compensation member. Since shape memory effect alloy is used for the temperature compensation member, the length of the temperature compensation member can be greatly shortened, and the actuator can be small-sized, light weight and improved in its heat conduction. Also, shape memory effect alloy can be used for temperature compensation members in broader range of temperature by stacking several pieces of the shape memory effect alloy whose transformation temperatures differ from each other.

Abstract: In a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulator for producing in a predetermined sequence of different types of waveforms (in which the frequency varies, the signal is successively and/or intermittently created, etc.), when the user depresses a predetermined switch while a desired waveform is being outputted, a low-frequency signal of the waveform is thereafter continuously produced.In a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulator capable of selectively producing low-frequency signals of at least two different kinds, a kind of output signals at a termination of a treatment is stored in a memory such that a low-frequency signal of the stored kind is produced when the stimulator is started for a subsequent treatment.

Abstract: An ultrasonic motor uses a piezoelectric transducer for effectively transmitting vibration energy and achieving high output. The piezoelectric transducer comprises elastic members, first and second piezoelectric elements, electrodes, and ceramic insulators inserted between the electrodes or between the electrodes and the elastic members. The first and second piezoelectric elements excite the vibration surfaces of the elastic members to vibrate in two modes and to generate approximate elliptical vibration by synthesizing the two vibration modes. The electrodes are provided for applying alternating current signals to the first and the second piezoelectric elements. The first and second piezoelectric elements are polarized such that they cause shear vibration in the same direction. The piezoelectric transducer is fixed in a motor case via a fixing plate. A rotor is provided in such a position as to contact the vibration surface of one of the elastic members.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer is provided for measuring and displaying an absorbance change as a function of time, a wavelength spectra, or an absorbance difference as a function of time between two specific wavelengths, which comprises a wavelength scanner for scanning through a plurality of wavelengths in a scan range, a wavelength reader for generating wavelength signals corresponding to the scanned wavelengths, photodetectors for detecting the light intensity of a scanned wavelength, an A-D converter for converting analog signals of a scanned wavelength to digital signals, a storage device for storing data generated from the A-D converter corresponding to each wavelength, an operational circuit for processing stored data, and display devices for displaying the processed data.