Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sensor for measuring perfluoroalkyl acids and/or polyfluoroalkyl acids. The sensor includes a working electrode, a counter electrode and optionally a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a film disposed on the surface of the working electrode and the film includes a perfluorinated anion exchange ionomer. A method of using the sensor to detect perfluoroalkyl acids and/or polyfluoroalkyl acids is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a method of fabricating graphene structures from graphene oxide by reducing the graphene oxide on a patterned substrate. The invention also relates in part to graphene structures produced using said method and electrodes and capacitors comprising said graphene structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a method of fabricating graphene structures from graphene oxide by reducing the graphene oxide on a patterned substrate. The invention also relates in part to graphene structures produced using said method and electrodes and capacitors comprising said graphene structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a method of fabricating graphene structures from graphene oxide by reducing the graphene oxide on a patterned substrate. The invention also relates in part to graphene structures produced using said method and electrodes and capacitors comprising said graphene structures.

Abstract: A biosensor for the detection of an analyte such as ascorbic acid is provided. Also provided is a device comprising the biosensor. In addition, methods of detecting analytes such as ascorbic acid in a sample, and methods of a point-of-care diagnosis of eye disease and eye injury are provided.

Abstract: A photovoltaic desalination system can comprise a solar cell, configured to receive solar radiation, including an n-doped semiconductor layer, a p-doped semiconductor layer, the two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction, and an channel array, formed in the p-n junction; an input reservoir, coupled to the solar cell, the input reservoir configured to contain a salty fluid, and to release the salty fluid to the solar cell; an output fluid management system, coupled to the solar cell, the output fluid management system configured to receive an output fluid from the solar cell; wherein the channel array is configured to receive the salty fluid from the input reservoir, and to output the output fluid to the output fluid management system.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a method of fabricating graphene structures from graphene oxide by reducing the graphene oxide on a patterned substrate. The invention also relates in part to graphene structures produced using said method and electrodes and capacitors comprising said graphene structures.

Abstract: A biosensor for the detection of an analyte such as ascorbic acid is provided. Also provided is a device comprising the biosensor. In addition, methods of detecting analytes such as ascorbic acid in a sample, and methods of a point-of-care diagnosis of eye disease and eye injury are provided.

Abstract: An injection-seeded whispering gallery mode optical amplifier. The amplifier includes a micro or nanoscale whispering gallery mode resonator configured to amplify a whispering gallery mode therein via a gain medium separated from the whispering gallery mode resonator but within the evanescent field of the whispering gallery mode resonator. A pump stimulates the whispering gallery mode. A plasmonic surface couples power into the whispering gallery mode resonator.

Abstract: A liquid sampling device for use with a mobile device comprises a wired connection for connecting the liquid sampling device to the mobile device, a sample receiving and testing section capable of receiving a liquid sample and conducting electrochemical testing of the liquid sample and a sample testing circuit configured to communicate at least one liquid sample test result to the mobile device via the wired connection. Associated methods and a mobile device application for interfacing with the liquid sampling device are also disclosed.

Abstract: An injection-seeded whispering gallery mode optical amplifier. The amplifier includes a micro or nanoscale whispering gallery mode resonator configured to amplify a whispering gallery mode therein via a gain medium separated from the whispering gallery mode resonator but within the evanescent field of the whispering gallery mode resonator. A pump stimulates the whispering gallery mode. A plasmonic surface couples power into the whispering gallery mode resonator.

Abstract: A photovoltaic desalination system can comprise a solar cell, configured to receive solar radiation, including an n-doped semiconductor layer, a p-doped semiconductor layer, the two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction, and an channel array, formed in the p-n junction; an input reservoir, coupled to the solar cell, the input reservoir configured to contain a salty fluid, and to release the salty fluid to the solar cell; an output fluid management system, coupled to the solar cell, the output fluid management system configured to receive an output fluid from the solar cell; wherein the channel array is configured to receive the salty fluid from the input reservoir, and to output the output fluid to the output fluid management system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that are configured to permit nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing in the form of colorimetric sensing. An example apparatus involves: (a) an array layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a plurality of nanoholes are defined in the top surface of the array layer, wherein the plurality of nanoholes each have at least one sidewall surface and a bottom surface, (b) a thin metal film disposed on the top surface of the array layer and on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of nanoholes, and (c) a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the at least one sidewall surface of the plurality of nanoholes.

Abstract: A liquid sampling device for use with a mobile device comprises a wired connection for connecting the liquid sampling device to the mobile device, a sample receiving and testing section capable of receiving a liquid sample and conducting electrochemical testing of the liquid sample and a sample testing circuit configured to communicate at least one liquid sample test result to the mobile device via the wired connection. Associated methods and a mobile device application for interfacing with the liquid sampling device are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that are configured to permit nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing in the form of colorimetric sensing. An example apparatus involves: (a) an array layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a plurality of nanoholes are defined in the top surface of the array layer, wherein the plurality of nanoholes each have at least one sidewall surface and a bottom surface, (b) a thin metal film disposed on the top surface of the array layer and on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of nanoholes, and (c) a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the at least one sidewall surface of the plurality of nanoholes.

Abstract: Natural circulation loop/system adapted to suppress flow instability inherent to fluid medium due to low driving force and non-linearity of the natural circulation process including regenerative feed back between flow rate, driving force and pressure drop by selective metallic oxide nanoparticle base fluid media such as AI2O3 dispersed in water. Advantageously even small amounts of nanoparticles dispersed in water in the natural circulation systems are found to free the loop from undesirable instability ties and importantly also surprisingly enhance the flow rate thereby facilitating avoiding premature critical heat flux, operation and control problems of such natural circulation based heat recovery. The invention thus provides simple and efficient mode of natural circulation heat recovery with flow stability and enhanced flow rate at reduced cost, favouring wide scale application and use of such system for variety of end uses/applications.