Abstract: An arrangement is provided for determining a spatial orientation of a line portion unrolled from a cable drum. The arrangement includes a fastening base and a measuring probe having a cable guide and being pivotable in relation to the fastening base about a first and second axes of rotation. The measuring probe is configured to interact with a sensor device, and the sensor device is configured to sense the first and second axes of rotation.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for determining a spatial orientation of a line portion unrolled from a cable drum. The arrangement includes a fastening base and a measuring probe having a cable guide and being pivotable in relation to the fastening base about a first and second axes of rotation. The measuring probe is configured to interact with a sensor device, and the sensor device is configured to sense the first and second axes of rotation.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic steer-by-wire steering system has an operator interface for specifying a turning angle, which is associated with a sensor for the acquisition of a position or movement of the operator interface. An electronic control device is connected to a first electrohydraulic circuit and to a second electrohydraulic circuit and set up in order to actuate the two electrohydraulic circuits as a function of a signal from the sensor. The system further includes a steering actuator for adjusting the turning angle of a steerable wheel. The steering actuator has two chambers each of which is connected simultaneously to the two electrohydraulic circuits.

Abstract: An economical waistband insert or stay for use in a waistband of a garment to help provide and maintain a neat appearance to the garments during wearing is disclosed. The waistband stay may be integrated with the waistband and of simple construction, to be worn on or as the inner surface of the waistband of a an apparel item or bottom garment (e.g., trousers, pants, shorts, skirt, etc.) and/or as the outer surface of the bottom of the wearer's top apparel item or garment (e.g., shirt, t-shirt, blouse, etc.) to limit and/or restrict the relative movement of the apparel items from sliding with respect to each other when a person moves such as while moving, reaching, standing, sitting or squatting. The waistband stay device may be produced separately from the garment and inserted or attached to the apparel item using an adhesive layer.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic steer-by-wire steering system has an operator interface for specifying a turning angle, which is associated with a sensor for the acquisition of a position or movement of the operator interface. An electronic control device is connected to a first electrohydraulic circuit and to a second electrohydraulic circuit and set up in order to actuate the two electrohydraulic circuits as a function of a signal from the sensor. The system further includes a steering actuator for adjusting the turning angle of a steerable wheel. The steering actuator has two chambers each of which is connected simultaneously to the two electrohydraulic circuits.

Abstract: A method for detecting a service prevention attack on a first communication terminal, wherein the detection of the service prevention attack is performed by the first communication terminal. The first and at least one second communication terminal comprise communication subscribers in a communication network. The communication connection is provided between the first and the second communication terminals. If the first communication terminal does not receive a status inquiry message of the second communication terminal in a timely manner, receipt of at least one further message indicating that the sender is the second communication terminal is interpreted as a service prevention attack on the first communication terminal and an action is taken, such as all or a plurality of packets are deleted from the input buffer memory or the connection between the two communication terminals is terminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic circuit for a steer-by-wire steering system which includes a hydraulic pump, a reservoir, a bi-directional steering actuator, a pair of electronic control units (ECU) for generating electrical steering control signals in response to an operator-generated steering command. There is a need for such a circuit which des not require large expensive valves. The hydraulic circuit includes a pair of solenoid operated directional control valve units and a pair of solenoid operated shut-off valves. Each directional control valve unit and a corresponding one of the shut-off valves are connected in series between the pump, the reservoir and the steering actuator, and are connected to a respective one of the ECUs and controlled thereby. In the absence of a fault condition both shut-off valves are open so that hydraulic flow to and from the actuator is shared by both the first and second directional control valve units.

Abstract: The invention is an electrolytic microfinishing process which utilizes a conductive tool as a cathode and a conductive workpiece as an anode both connected to a power supply. Electrolytic fluid is pumped between the tool and workpiece, creating a decomposition of the workpiece surface allowing the surface of the workpiece to be removed or wiped away by the interaction of the flowing electrolyte and rotation of the tool without generating any heat at a rate significantly faster than any other known machining process. The tool has no contact with the workpiece and accordingly, requires very low clamping loads to hold the workpiece in the spindle during the finishing operation. Due to the low clamping loads, the distortion of the workpiece is completely eliminated. Modulating the power supply during the work cycle allows the use of a single tool for both roughing and finishing as a continuous cycle to significantly provide surface finishes previously unobtainable.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser, at least one temperature sensor is disposed directly on or integrated in a semiconductor laser chip for measuring an operating temperature. Precisely and/or locally solved measurement of the operating temperature of the laser are possible. One or more temperature sensors may be placed and fastened directly onto the laser chip or in a hole of the laser chip by welding, especially with Nd-YAG-laser light or light with similar characteristics. Fine equalization of temperature may be carried out, for example, by Peltier elements, components of the Peltier elements being mounted directly onto the laser chip. A cascaded arrangement of thermoelements and Peltier elements on a laser chip is also provided for.

Abstract: A method for the metered discharge of a string of a viscous medium, in particular of an abrasive medium containing solid particles, via a nozzle, in which the quantity of the medium is discharged as a function of the speed of the nozzle and is increased or reduced as a function of the acceleration or deceleration of the nozzle.

Abstract: A feedpump for discharging a string of a viscous medium containing solid particles. The feedpump includes a casing and two gearwheels drivable to execute an oppositely directed rotation and arranged in the casing so as in each case to form and maintain gaps relative to both walls of the casing and to one another. The gaps have a size adapted to the size of the particles in the viscous medium.

Abstract: A pedal displacement sensor includes an actuating lever and a switching element. The actuating lever is arranged in a housing, is rotatably supported on a rotational axis, and can be rotated by a pedal. The actuating element of the switching element is actuated by rotating the actuating lever. The housing of the pedal displacement sensor has an opening. The actuating lever extends through the opening to an end which engages the pedal. The actuating lever includes first and second arms which form an angle lever. The first arm is rotatably supported in the housing. The second arm extends through the opening to an end face which contacts the pedal lever. The actuating lever preferably also acts upon a transducer such as a Hall sensor and a permanent magnet.

Abstract: A two-stage brake valve, has a pair of stages with different effective areas which become effective in succession upon an actuation of the valve, including a larger area fill chamber and a smaller area pressure chamber. A fill stage pressure relief valve is connected between the fill chamber and a reservoir. The relief valve includes a valve element, which is exposed to the pressure in the reservoir and spring force, and which is exposed to pressure in the fill chamber, so that it opens upon a pre-set brake pressure existing in the fill chamber. The relief valve also includes a pressure relief piston which can be exposed to the pressure in the fill chamber, and which can be exposed to the pressure in the pressure chamber. The piston has a free end which engages the valve element, and forces the valve element in its opening direction with increasing pressure difference between the pressure chamber and the fill chamber.

Abstract: In an electrolysis appliance or a reversible fuel cell which can be operated optionally as a fuel cell or as an electrolysis appliance, a gas reservoir is in the form of a one-piece or two-piece, tubular hollow body. The gas reservoir is open at the top and is split into a reservoir area and an expansion area by a separating plug having an immersion tube which passes through it and points downward. In a region of the reservoir area, the gas reservoirs are each fitted directly to the end plates, or are formed integrally with them. Each of the half-cells are connected to a respective reservoir area and to the electrolyte located in it via channels in the end plate and openings in the respective gas reservoir. The electrolysis appliances or fuel cells which are configured to have an integrated gas reservoir formed in such a way are strong and sturdy, are configured to save space, are easy to handle and can be produced at low cost.

Abstract: A method for the metered discharge of a string of a viscous medium, in particular of an abrasive medium containing solid particles, via a nozzle, in which the quantity of the medium is discharged as a function of the speed of the nozzle and is increased or reduced as a function of the acceleration or deceleration of the nozzle.

Abstract: A pedal displacement sensor includes an actuating lever and a switching element. The actuating lever is arranged in a housing, is rotatably supported on a rotational axis, and can be rotated by a pedal. The actuating element of the switching element is actuated by rotating the actuating lever. The housing of the pedal displacement sensor has an opening. The actuating lever extends through the opening to an end which engages the pedal. The actuating lever includes first and second arms which form an angle lever. The first arm is rotatably supported in the housing. The second arm extends through the opening to an end face which contacts the pedal lever. The actuating lever preferably also acts upon a transducer such as a Hall sensor and a permanent magnet.

Abstract: A two-stage brake valve, has a pair of stages with different effective areas which become effective in succession upon an actuation of the valve, including a larger area fill chamber and a smaller area pressure chamber. A fill stage pressure relief valve is connected between the fill chamber and a reservoir. The relief valve includes a valve element, which is exposed to the pressure in the reservoir and spring force, and which is exposed to pressure in the fill chamber, so that it opens upon a pre-set brake pressure existing in the fill chamber. The relief valve also includes a pressure relief piston which can be exposed to the pressure in the fill chamber, and which can be exposed to the pressure in the pressure chamber. The piston has a free end which engages the valve element, and forces the valve element in its opening direction with increasing pressure difference between the pressure chamber and the fill chamber.

Abstract: The gas exhaust system, intended for an internal combustion engine, has a plurality of connectors leading to an exhaust manifold. The exhaust vent from the exhaust manifold is used as a feed gas for a catalyst. In order to install said catalyst as close as possible to the exhaust manifold, it is suggested by the invention that a mixer be provided inside the catalyst housing. The mixer enables the exhaust gas stream arriving at the catalyst via the feed pipe to be homogenized in time and geometry and prevents catalyst elements from being damaged by a non-homogeneous gas stream. The mixer also allows for the unburnt air-fuel mixture to settle inside instead of burning in catalyst elements, thereby preventing the latter from being damaged by suddenly burning deposits.

Abstract: A process for creating an optical and electric connection of electro-optical components that can be implemented inexpensively and has long-term stability and thermal stability, so that information-transmitting light from one or more waveguides of one component can be coupled into one or more waveguides of the other component in an economically feasible manner. An optical and/or electro-optical connection of two optical and/or electro-optical components is created by mounting the two components directly on a single common carrier board by welding with electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range around 1 &mgr;m without using any auxiliary carriers.

Abstract: An optical and/or electro-optical connection of two optical and/or electro-optical components comprises structures with optical waveguides arranged parallel or essentially parallel to the contact face on a carrier board in the area of the connection. The two components are mounted directly on a single common carrier board by welding with electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range around 1 &mgr;m without using any auxiliary carriers.