Abstract: In a sensor (10) for determining the angular velocity (.OMEGA.), an ultrasonic wave is radiated into a sound conductor (11) by means of a piezoceramic shear oscillator (12) as transmitter, two receivers (14, 15) being located adjacent to one another at the other end of the sound conductor (11) so as to be separated from one another by a narrow gap (16). If no angular velocity (.OMEGA.) acts on the sensor (10), the ultrasonic wave directed to the gap (16) should excite the two receivers equally, so that the differential signal of the two receivers (14, 15)--supported by an alignment--is equal to zero. If the sensor (10) is located in a rotating system, the ultrasonic ray is deflected by means of the acting Coriolis force (K.sub.c), so that a differential signal of the two receivers (14, 15) is obtained, which differential signal is a measurement for the angular velocity (.OMEGA.). The sensor (10) has a simple, mechanically stable construction with low sensitivity to shaking and temperature.

Abstract: A sensor (10) for determining angular velocity includes one or a plurality of piezoceramic plates (11, 12, 31 to 34), which are suitably oriented with respect to the axis of rotation and execute shear oscillations with the aid of an exciting circuit. If the sensor (10) is located in a rotating system, piezoelectric charges are generated on specific plate surfaces by generated Coriolis forces (K.sub.c). These charges represent a measure of the rotational velocity (.OMEGA.).

Abstract: To facilitate manufacture and assembly of a vibration sensor, particularly to sense knocking vibrations or incipient knocking in an internal conbustion (IC) engine, piezoelectric elements are secured to the machine or cylinder or a cylinder head bolt, the vibration of which is to be sensed, and a flexing strip is resiliently engaged with a surface of the piezoelectric element or elements, and arranged transverse to the direction of vibration of the machine or IC engine. In a preferred form, the piezoelectric element can be a tubular structure (FIG. 4: 19) located in a cross bore (16) of a cylinder head bolt, the free swinging flexing element (21) being positioned within the hollow portion of the tubular piezoelectric element and pressed against an outer end face by a spring engaging laterally projecting wings (22) secured to the flexing strip.

Abstract: A flexure vibrator clamped at one end and oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of oscillations produced at its clamped end mounting by knocks in an engine to which the sensor is affixed, is provided with a magnetostrictive body which generates electrical signals in response to vibrations of the vibrator. The vibrator may be made of magnetostrictive material and its upper and lower halves may be of opposite polarity, a result that may be obtained by folding over a strip of magnetic material on itself at one end or the other. A vibrating body of material that is not magnetostrictive may have a magnetostrictive body associated with it. If the magnetostrictive material has no remanence, a magnetic bias may be applied by an additional coil or by a permanent magnet.

Abstract: The picture signal and one of the other two signals (sound, color) frequency modulate a carrier and a subcarrier respectively which in turn modulate the incidence of a light beam cutting a transparent track through a metal film covering a transparent record medium moved past the light source. The frequency modulated carriers produce back and forth movement of the light beam aligned with the direction of transport of the record medium past the light source. The third signal modulates the duty cycle of one of the carriers.