Abstract: A method of making a low-pressure thin-walled heat exchanger and a low-pressure thin-walled heat exchanger are described. According to the production method a thin metal cover layer and a thin cover layer consisting of metal or plastic are sealed with one another. The sealing is realized by a thin layer of a sealable polymer that is provided as coating on one side of at least one cover layer and/or by a separate intermediate layer of a sealable polymer. Both cover layers are sealed with one another by the interposed layer of the sealable polymer with the formation of a cavity suitable for the passage of a heat exchange medium which cavity can be formed as passage system. Such heat exchangers can be produced in an especially cheap way in this manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for carrying out a treatment of a human or animal body by a surgeon, comprising a hand-held instrument (2) having an instrument head (3) that acts on an operating field of the body and supports a treatment tool (12). The system also comprises a computer (4) on which a navigation program is provided to assist the guidance of the instrument head (3), wherein body data representing the part of the body containing the operating field, planning data representing the planned treatment, and instrument data representing the position and orientation of the instrument head (3) are available to the navigation program. A positioning means for recording the instrument data is present, wherein the navigation program compares the instrument data as actual data with the planning data as desired data, and a signalling means (10) is provided, which indicates to the surgeon a deviation of the actual data from the desired data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating and presenting a panorama image of a jaw region, where first a set of volume data representing the jaw region of a patient is generated by means of a tomographic method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating and presenting a panorama image of a jaw region, wherein first a set of volume data representing the jaw region of a patient is generated by means of a tomographic method, wherein the volume data is composed of a plurality of individual volume elements (“voxels”), wherein multiple horizontal section planes intersecting the jaw are determined, wherein a contour surface (1) of the jaw delimited by an inner (2) and an outer contour line (3) is defined inside each of the section planes, wherein focus curves (4, 8) are defined inside the contour surfaces (1), wherein a common involute (9) is determined from the focus curves (4, 8) of superposed section planes, wherein the involute (9) defines an area that is positioned particularly in a vertical manner, wherein projection beams (10, 12) are defined starting from said area in each section plane, said beams being positioned perpendicular on said area and intersecting the respective contour lines (2, 3), wherein integr

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating 3D tomographic images of an object (4), according to which a radiation source (1), in particular an X-ray source is displaced in relation to the object (4). The radiation source (1) emits a conical beam of radiation (2) that strikes the object (4), the radiation that has passed through the object (1) and has been weakened in intensity is captured by a detector (5); which is located in, he conical beam (2) behind the object (4) in relation to the radiation source (1). The radiation source (1) and the detector (5) are combined in a source-detector assembly (7), which is rotated about a rotational axis (6) during the generation of images in the reference system that is defined by the object (4). Said rotational axis (6) is modified during the generation of the images and/or the source (1) and/or the detector (5) in the reference system that is defined by the source-detector assembly (7) is/are displaced during the generation of the images.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 3D tomographic images of an object, whereby a radiation source (1), especially an X-ray source, is moved in relation to the object in a plane of motion (6) about a rotating center. The radiation source (1) emits radiation in a radiation cone (2) whose center beam (3) impinges the object. A correspondingly entrained detector (4) is arranged in said center beam, on the side of the object facing away from the radiation source, and is impinged upon by the radiation attenuated in its intensity by the object. The movement is carried out in such a manner that the center beam (3) is tilted by an angle in relation to the plane of motion (6).

Abstract: A method of producing a tinned food container has a container body 1 of a flat material, especially aluminum strip or tinplate strip which is deep-drawn and which, at least in the region of its planar end flange, is provided with a coating 2, especially a sealing coating, and has a cover 4 provided with a further coating, especially a further sealing coating, and is made of a foil material, especially aluminum foil, is sealed on to the edge flange under the influence of pressure and/or heat. To make the production method more economical, and for producing a container body with an intermediate sealing layer 3 additionally inserted during the sealing-on operation, first the blank for the container body 1 and intermediate sealing layer 3 is punched in one piece out of the flat material. Then the intermediate sealing layer 3 subsequently is separated from the container body 1 in the region of the edge flange.

Abstract: A steering column for a vehicle having an outer housing fixedly mounted to the vehicle with a corrugated tubular section which is compressible upon application of axial force. A reinforcing sleeve is mounted to the outer housing with a sliding fit. The collapsible outer housing is supported by the reinforcing sleeve.

Abstract: The steering wheel column and/or the bearing for the steering wheel column in a motor vehicle is pushed or pulled away from a position in front of the driver in the event of a head-on collision whose intensity exceeds a preselected minimum value. The displacing unit which is activated in the event of head-on collision of preselected minimum intensity (e.g., a collision which causes the engine block and/or the transmission case to move rearwardly with reference to the frame of the motor vehicle) can entrain the steering wheel column and/or the bearing for the steering wheel column by way of a carrier which is pivotably mounted adjacent the steering wheel column or its bearing and has one or more projections with cutting edges penetrating into the steering wheel column and/or bearing in response to activation of the displacing unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for phosphatizing metal surfaces with an acidic phosphatizing solution containing zinc ions, calcium ions, phosphate ions and accelerators and, optionally, other additives, characterized in that, after degreasing and without activation, the metal surfaces are brought into contact at 30.degree. to 65.degree. C. with solutions which contain Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, PO.sub.4.sup.3- and, as accelerators, nitrate and/or nitrite and/or chlorate ions and/or an organic nitro compound and/or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or an inorganic peroxide and which have a pH-value of from 2.2 to 3.8, a ratio of free acid to toal acid of from 1:10 to 1:60 and a ratio by weight of (Ca.sup.2+ +Zn.sup.2+) to PO.sub.4.sup.3- of from 1:>8 to 1:40, and to the use of this process for pretreating the metal surfaces for painting by electrodeposition, particularly by cathodic electrodeposition.