Abstract: The current invention relates to a method of separating polyunsaturated fatty acids containing lipids from a lipids containing biomass.

Abstract: A process for producing a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells containing a polymer electrolyte membrane having a first and a second surface parallel to each other. The first surface forms a firm composite with a first catalyst layer and a first water repellent gas distribution layer and said second surface form a firm composite with a second catalyst layer and a second water repellent gas distribution layer. The catalyst layers are prepared by using inks containing electrocatalysts, one or more solvents, proton-conducting ionomer and optionally water repelling agents and pore-forming agents. In the process the two catalyst layers are applied to or contacted with the respective surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane successively, wherein during the application or contacting process to one surface always the opposite surface of the membrane is supported.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for applying electrode layers to a polymer electrolyte membrane strip in a desired pattern, wherein the front and back of the membrane are continuously printed with the electrode layers in the desired pattern using an ink containing an electrocatalyst, and the printed electrode layers are dried at elevated temperature immediately after the printing operation, the printing taking place while maintaining accurate positioning of the patterns of the electrode layers on the front and back in relation to one another.

Abstract: A process for producing a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells containing a polymer electrolyte membrane having a first and a second surface parallel to each other. The first surface forms a firm composite with a first catalyst layer and a first water repellent gas distribution layer and said second surface form a firm composite with a second catalyst layer and a second water repellent gas distribution layer. The catalyst layers are prepared by using inks containing electrocatalysts, one or more solvents, proton-conducting ionomer and optionally water repelling agents and pore-forming agents. In the process the two catalyst layers are applied to or contacted with the respective surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane successively, wherein during the application or contacting process to one surface always the opposite surface of the membrane is supported.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the leaching of gold and silver from ores and ore concentrates through intimate contact of the ore or ore concentrate with an aqueous leach solution containing cyanide. The leach solution has a pH of 8 to 13. The leaching process takes place in the presence of an oxygen-releasing peroxo compound. The separation of the formed cyano complexes of gold and silver takes place in a known manner. During leaching, at least one peroxoborate compound is present, in an effective quantity, as the peroxo compound. The peroxoborate is preferably a sodium or calcium peroxoborate. Compared to previously known leaching techniques in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or calcium peroxide, the leaching process according to the present invention provides a higher and/or faster precious metal yield and/or minimizes the consumption of cyanide and/or oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Reduction of the nitrite content of aqueous solutions by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in the acidic pH range can be controlled by measurement of the redox potential. Contrary to the teaching of the prior art, addition of the hydrogen peroxide in the process according to the invention is terminated not at the highest redox potential, but only after lowering of the potential to a value of 650.+-.10 mV. In this way, nitrite contents below 1 mg/l can be obtained even when the solutions additionally contain fluctuating amounts of various compounds oxidizable by H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the detoxification of aqueous solutions containing cyanides and/or cyano complexes in the presence of heavy metals which are Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Zn, more particularly Cu, by oxidative treatment of the solutions with peroxide compounds at pH values of 8 to 12. Peroxide compounds from the group consisting of alkali metal percarbonates and alkaline earth metal peroxides are used. The peroxide compounds are added to the solutions to be detoxified per se or are formed in situ therein from hydrogen peroxide and other components. Sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide are preferred.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the detoxication of aqueous solutions which contain cyanohydrins, in particular glycol nitrile, and/or nitriles and in addition contain decomposition catalyst for peroxide compounds, in particular manganese compounds, by perhydrolysis of the cyano compounds at temperatures of from 5.degree. to 80.degree. C. and pH values of from 8 to 12 by means of one or more peroxide compounds which are alkali metal percarbonates and perborates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and alkaline earth metal peroxides. The peroxide compounds are added as such to the solution to be detoxified or formed in situ in the solution to be detoxified. Sodium percarbonate is preferably used.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of hydrogen cyanide from gases and waste gases by a throughflow or circulation scrubbing, in which formaldehyde is added at a controlled rate to the aqueous scrubbing liquid to form glycol nitrile. This addition is controlled by measuring the HCN tension in a measuring stream which has been branched off and which is first treated with hydrogen peroxide so that free H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is still detectable after 1 to 100 seconds and the pH is adjusted to a constant value before measurement of the HCN tension is carried out. The process prevents overdosing with formaldehyde which could not always be prevented in previously known processes in which the addition of formaldehyde was regulated by measuring the cyanide specific redox potential.

Abstract: A stable, pumpable, aqueous solution of a water-insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium ion is shown which, referred to the total weight of the aqueous suspension, containsA) 0.5 to 80% by weight of a finely divided, synthetic water-insoluble compound containing bound water and in the form of a silicate capable of binding calcium and of the formula:(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.s.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere Cat is an n-valent cation exchangeable with calcium, x is number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is boron or aluminum and y is number from 0.8 to 6, andB) 0.5 to 6% by weight of a mixture acting as the dispersing ingredient and formed of at least two oxo-alcohol ethoxylates of formula:R--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --OHwhere R--C.sub.10 --C.sub.15 alkyl with a maximum branching rate of 25%, that is, at most 25% of the fatty alcohol ethoxylate comprises single methyl branching,n=3-5.0 moles of ethylene oxide for component 1,n=5.5-7 moles of ethylene oxide for component 2.

Abstract: The detergent builder consists of a water-insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium ions as well as of a mixture of two acrylic acid polymerizates which exhibit different viscosity numbers.

Abstract: Granulated detergent builders, are disclosed consisting essentially of:70 to 80 weight percent of water-insoluble silicate, capable of binding calcium, in the form of a finely divided, bound-water-containing, synthetically produced, water-insoluble, crystalline compound of the general formula(Kat).sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y (I),in which Kat represents an n-valent cation which is exchangeable with calcium, x a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me boron or aluminum and y a number from 0.8 to 6,2 to 3 weight percent of nonionic surfactant,0 to 1 weight percent of alkali,2.4 to 5 weight percent of carboxymethylcellulose and/or methylcellulose,and the balance water.

Abstract: Aqueous bleaching agent suspensions based on a water-soluble peroxycarboxylic acid suspended in a carrier liquid in the presence of an organic thickening agent and of an acidifying agent exhibit an improved storage resistance over known suspensions with this base. This is achieved by means of pourable to pasty bleaching agent suspensions which contain a xanthan polysaccharide or agar polysaccharide as thickening agent and, in addition, a hydrate-forming neutral salt which desensitizes peroxycarboxylic acids. Preferred suspensions exhibit a pH of 2-5 and contain 10-30% by wt. diperoxydodecanedioic acid, 5-20% by wt. sodium sulfate and 0.1-1.0% by wt. xanthan. The use of non-dried, hydrophilized and optionally in situ desensitized peroxycarboxylic acids is especially preferred.The bleaching agent suspensions are prepared by homogeneously suspending the peroxycarboxylic acid in the thickened carrier liquid.

Abstract: There is prepared a granulated washing agent builder consisting of 70 to 80 wt. % of a water insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium, the silicate being in the form of a finely divided, bound water containing, synthetically produced crystalline compound of the general formula(Kat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y (I),in that Kat is a cation exchangeable with calcium and having the valence n, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is boron or aluminum and y is a number from 0.8 to 6,4 to 5 Wt.-% sodium sulfate2 to 3 Wt.-% nonionic tenside0 to 1 Wt.-% alkali0.5 to 1 Wt.-% carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose or a mixture thereofbalance Water.

Abstract: There is prepared an aqueous stable suspension of a water insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium ions and it is used for the production of washing and cleaning agents. The suspension contains in addition to water components A and B wherein component A is a silicate capable of binding calcium and having the formula(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x -Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y Iand component B is a dispersing agent comprising a mixture of at least two fatty alcohols polyglycol ether based on isotridecyl alcohol or another aliphatic C.sub.13 alcohol and ethylene oxide having the following properties:(a) Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether having 4.5 to 5.5 EO units______________________________________ Turbidity point DIN 53917 56 to 60.degree. C. Solidification point +4 to -25.degree. C. Viscosity at 50.degree. C. 13 to 28 m Pas Density at 50.degree. C. 0.94 to 0.

Abstract: A granulated detergent builder is disclosed comprising:65 to 85 weight percent of a water insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium, in the form of a finely dispersed, bound-water-containing, synthetically produced, water insoluble crystalline compound having the general formula:(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y (I),in which Cat is a cation exchangeable with calcium with the valency n, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is boron or aluminum, and y a number from 0.8 to 6,4 to 10 weight percent sodium nitrilotriacetate1.5 to 3 weight percent nonionic surfactant0 to 1 weight percent alkali0.5 to 1.5 weight percent carboxymethyl cellulose and/or methylcelluloseand the balance is water.The product can be produced by spray drying an aqueous suspension in which all ingredients are dispersed or dissolved.

Abstract: A laundry softener concentrate comprises one or more laundry softeners, synthetic silicon dioxide, and optionally one or more solubilizers. The laundry softener concentrate is in the form of a flowable powder.

Abstract: A scouring powder is provided which contains as the sole mechanical cleaning component crystalline zeolite powder of Type A having the following particle spectrum:______________________________________ Fractions (.mu.) Proportions (Weight %) ______________________________________ <3 <15 <5 <35 <10 <82 <15 <96 <20 up to 100 ______________________________________and at least 99.5% by weight of the particles having a diameter below 45 microns. Further components of the scouring power can include water soluble agents aiding the cleaning, bleaching, or disinfecting action.

Abstract: There are provided aqueous pumpable stable suspensions of a water insoluble silicate capable of binding calcium ions which contain based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension(A) as the silicate capable of binding calcium 0.5 to 80 weight percent of a finely divided, bound water containing, synthetically produced, water insoluble compound of the general formula(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y (I),in which Cat is a cation exchangeable with calcium and which has the valence n, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is boron or aluminum and y is a number between 0.8 and 6 and(B) as a dispersingly active component 0.5 to 6 weight percent of a mixture of at least two different alkylphenolethoxylates of the formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms. The component A especially can be a zeolite A while component B can consist of two alkylphenolethoxylates of formula (II) in which m is 2 to 7 and m is 8 to 15.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of zeolites of the type Na A4 having the surface modified with organosilanes. The organosilane must have at least one alkoxy group bonded to the silicon atom. The modified zeolites of the invention are used in washing and cleansing agents.