Abstract: An arrangement with a printed circuit board and to a circuit for detecting carbonization of the printed circuit board, wherein a control circuit for controlling a power circuit is provided on the printed circuit board and the control circuit has an input for supplying the control circuit with an operating voltage and the control circuit has an output to which the power circuit is connected or can be connected. The circuit for detecting carbonization has a current sensor, which is connected to the input of the control circuit for supplying the control circuit with an operating voltage. The current sensor has an output at which a signal is present which indicates the current strength of the current flowing through the input for supplying the control circuit, and has an evaluation circuit, which has an input which is connected to the output of the current sensor.

Abstract: A method for driving electric motors using a pulse-width-modulated signal, wherein the pulse-width-modulated signal is a square-wave pulse consisting of successive pulses whose impulse duration is adjustable, as a result of which it is possible to change a duty cycle, which is the ratio of the impulse duration and the period of the square-wave pulse, wherein the reciprocal of the period of the square-wave pulse is the PWM frequency at which the impulses follow one another, wherein, during operation of the electric motor, the PWM frequency within a frequency band, without the duty cycle changing, is changed repeatedly and in accordance with a predefined scheme or randomly.

Abstract: A method for driving electric motors using a pulse-width-modulated signal, wherein the pulse-width-modulated signal is a square-wave pulse consisting of successive pulses whose impulse duration is adjustable, as a result of which it is possible to change a duty cycle, which is the ratio of the impulse duration and the period of the square-wave pulse, wherein the reciprocal of the period of the square-wave pulse is the PWM frequency at which the impulses follow one another, wherein, during operation of the electric motor, the PWM frequency within a frequency band, without the duty cycle changing, is changed repeatedly and in accordance with a predefined scheme or randomly.

Abstract: Determining a load current (IL) in a semiconductor switch, which has a measuring device, wherein a measurement of the load current (IL) is influenced by a transmission factor (k), depending on the measuring device, wherein the following steps are carried out: (a) execution of a first measurement of the load current (IL) with a first transmission factor (k1), wherein a first measurement result is determined with the first measurement; (b) execution of a second measurement of the load current (IL) with a second transmission factor (k2), wherein a second measurement result is determined with the second measurement, and the first transmission factor (k1) differs from the second transmission factor (k2), in order to identify an error (IF) in the measurement results; and (c) determination of a corrected measurement result through a comparison of the first measurement result with the second measurement result, such that the error (IF) is at least reduced.

Abstract: Determining a load current (IL) in a semiconductor switch, which has a measuring device, wherein a measurement of the load current (IL) is influenced by a transmission factor (k), depending on the measuring device, wherein the following steps are carried out: (a) execution of a first measurement of the load current (IL) with a first transmission factor (k1), wherein a first measurement result is determined with the first measurement; (b) execution of a second measurement of the load current (IL) with a second transmission factor (k2), wherein a second measurement result is determined with the second measurement, and the first transmission factor (k1) differs from the second transmission factor (k2), in order to identify an error (IF) in the measurement results; and (c) determination of a corrected measurement result through a comparison of the first measurement result with the second measurement result, such that the error (IF) is at least reduced.