Abstract: Concentrated leuco indigo solutions useful for dyeing cellulosic textile material consist essentially of from 25 to 55% by weight of leuco indigo in the form of the leuco indigo salt, an amount which is essentially stoichiometrically sufficient to convert the leuco indigo into the neutral leuco indigo salt of a mixture of at least two alkali metal hydroxides wherein none of the alkali metal hydroxides accounts for more than 70 mol %, and water.

Abstract: A method and a device for starting a machine, in particular, a printing press, using a sensor or sensor field which emits a start signal during the approach of a part of the body of a machine operator. According to the method, the machine is automatically started if the start signal appears twice consecutively and if the following additional conditions, automatically checked by a machine controller, are met: No start signal is present within a first predefined time period following the instant of the first appearance of the start signal in a predefined time interval, and the start signal reappears within a second predefined time period following the first predefined time period. The device includes a proximity- or touch-sensitive operating surface, which has a first partial surface having the function of a machine starter and second partial surface, which blocks the function of the first partial surface for a predefined period of time in response to proximity or contact.

Abstract: Leucoindigo preparations in granule form consisting essentially of leucoindigo and alkali metal hydroxide and production of these preparations and use thereof for dyeing cellulose-containing textile material.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-methylbenzoxazole by cyclizing acetamidophenol with the simultaneous elimination of the water of reaction. The process involves the drying and melting of the acetamidophenol, the cyclization of acetamidophenol to 2-methylbenzoxazole, and the removal of the water of reaction and the 2-methylbenzoxazole from the reaction mixture after the cyclization step by distillation. All the steps are carried out in a dryer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of purified indigo comprises extracting the aqueous alkaline indoxylate solution arising from the synthesis with an inert water-insoluble solvent in the absence of oxygen before oxidizing the indoxylate solution to give indigo.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of purified indigo comprises extracting the aqueous alkaline indoxylate solution arising from the synthesis with an inert water-insoluble solvent in the absence of oxygen before oxidizing the indoxylate solution to give indigo.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,4-dichloro- or 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid or .alpha.-2,4-dichloro- or .alpha.-2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid by reacting phenoxyacetic or 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid or .alpha.-phenoxypropionic or .alpha.-2-methylphenoxypropionic acid with chlorine in water, wherein phenoxyacetic acid or phenoxypropionic acid is precipitated from an aqueous solution thereof, chlorine gas is passed into the resulting suspension of phenoxyacetic or 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid or .alpha.-phenoxypropionic or .alpha.-2-methylphenoxypropionic acid in water at from 30.degree. to 70.degree. C. at a rate not exceeding the rate at which it is consumed in the suspension, until from 100 to 110% of the theoretically required amount of chlorine gas has been taken up by the suspension, and the 2,4-dichloro- or 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid or .alpha.-2,4-dichloro- or .alpha.-2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxypropionic acid is isolated from the suspension.

Abstract: Methyl m-nitrobenzoate is prepared by a process in which an isomer mixture is treated with from 10 to 1000% by weight of water in the presence of from 0.05 to 20% by weight of an emulsifier, the percentages being based on the weight of the isomer mixture,(a) in a first stage at from 55.degree. to 100.degree. C. and a pH from 2 to 8 and then(b) in a second stage at from 10.degree. to 40.degree. C. and a pH of not less than 9.The methyl m-nitrobenzoate obtainable by the process of the invention is a useful starting material for the preparation of dyes and crop protection agents.