Abstract: Various implementations include systems and approaches for measuring an electromagnetic impedance characteristic of a fluid under test (FUT) in a fluid channel. In some cases, a system includes: a transmitting electrode assembly including: a transmitting electrode having a transmitting surface; and a transmitting electrode backer ground plate at least partially surrounding the transmitting electrode; a receiving electrode assembly including: a receiving electrode having a receiving surface; and a receiving electrode backer ground plate at least partially surrounding the receiving electrode, where the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode are located in a set of walls defining the fluid channel, the transmitting surface and the receiving surface each conform to a shape of the set of walls defining the fluid channel, where the fluid channel permits transverse flow of the FUT relative to both the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode.

Abstract: Certain disclosed methods include: transmitting an excitation signal into the MUT and transmitting a reference signal to a set of magnitude and phase (M/P) detectors; receiving the response signal; separately comparing a magnitude and phase for each of the excitation signal and the reference signal with corresponding detection ranges for a first one of the M/P detectors; separately comparing a magnitude and phase for each of the response signal and the reference signal with corresponding detection ranges for a second one of the M/P detectors; iteratively adjusting the excitation signal until the response signal has both a magnitude and a phase within the corresponding detection ranges for the second M/P detector; and iteratively adjusting the reference signal until the reference signal has both a magnitude and a phase within the corresponding detection ranges for the first and the second M/P detectors.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to evaluating the electromagnetic impedance characteristics of a material under test (MUT) over a range of frequencies. In particular aspects, a system includes: an electrically non-conducting container sized to hold the MUT, the electrically non-conducting container having a first opening at a first end thereof and a second opening at a second, opposite end thereof; a transmitting electrode assembly at the first end of the electrically non-conducting container, the transmitting electrode assembly having a transmitting electrode with a transmitting surface; and a receiving electrode assembly at the second end of the electrically non-conducting container, the receiving electrode assembly having a receiving electrode with a receiving surface, wherein the receiving electrode is approximately parallel with the transmitting electrode, and wherein the transmitting surface of the transmitting electrode is larger than the receiving surface of the receiving electrode.

Abstract: According to various implementations, an apparatus for electromagnetic impedance spectra graphic characterization of a material under test (MUT) includes: a planar array of at least two electrodes configured to be placed in electromagnetic communication with the MUT, wherein during operation of the planar array, at least one of the electrodes comprises a transmitting electrode for transmitting an electromagnetic signal over a range of frequencies through the MUT to at least one receiving electrode in the planar array; and a backer ground plate at least partially surrounding the at least two electrodes, the backer ground plate being electrically grounded and insulated from the at least two electrodes, wherein the backer ground plate extends from a plane formed by the at least two electrodes and separates the at least two electrodes to create an electrically isolated volume proximate to the at least two electrodes.

Abstract: A drill head is provided with three main cutting edges each having a straight direction of extension with a predominant radial direction component. The directions of extension limit two adjacent main bore dust discharge sectors, each spanning a main sector angle. Three drill head cutting legs each forming a main cutting edge where the three main cutting edges have different lengths along their directions of extension. Concentric ring shaped removal areas overlap at least partially such that a triple removal area coverage is provided in an outer ring zone and a double removal area coverage is provided in an inner ring zone.

Abstract: A drivable axle, in particular a rigid axle, is provided for a motor vehicle the axle has a differential gear, at least one gear bearing, at least one axle tube, and at least one axle shaft. The differential gear features a volume (V1) for lubricant separate from the axle tube. The differential gear is sealed at the axle tube by using a gap-type seal.

Abstract: A hand saw comprising a handle for actuating the hand saw and a saw blade connected to the handle and provided with a toothed cutting edge, the handle comprising a handle grip clasped by the hand of the user to impart an actuating force to the handle, and the handle grip defining a force entry direction in which the actuating force is introduced into the saw blade, wherein when the hand saw is pushed the force entry direction intersects the cutting edge of the saw blade in the region of a first quarter length of the cutting edge near to the handle or in the region of an imaginary elongation of the cutting edge into the handle.

Abstract: Drivable axle (1), in particular a rigid axle, for a motor vehicle, the axle (1) featuring one differential gear (2), at least one gear bearing, at least one axle tube (5, 6) and at least one axle shaft (5a, 6a), whereas the differential gear (2) features a volume (V1) for lubricant separate from the at least one axle tube (5, 6). Thereby, the differential gear (2) is sealed at the least one axle tube (5, 6) by using a gap-type seal (12).

Abstract: A drill head is provided with three main cutting edges each having a straight direction of extension with a predominant radial direction component. The directions of extension limit two adjacent main bore dust discharge sectors, each spanning a main sector angle. Three drill head cutting legs each forming a main cutting edge where the three main cutting edges have different lengths along their directions of extension. Concentric ring shaped removal areas overlap at least partially such that a triple removal area coverage is provided in an outer ring zone and a double removal area coverage is provided in an inner ring zone.

Abstract: A clamping and/or spreading tool comprises a drive for displacement of a push or pull rod to which a movable jaw is fixed with respect to a support carrying a stationary jaw in longitudinal direction of the push and pull rod, said drive comprising a torsion spring and being adapted to enter torque transmitting engagement with the push or pull rod for displacement of the same.

Abstract: A drive train arrangement for a vehicle comprising a main transmission and a transfer box which are both housed within a transmission housing. The transfer box comprises a drive output which is connected to a rear axle differential transmission and connectable, by a torque transmission element and a connecting shaft, to a front axle differential transmission. The connecting shaft is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the drive output shaft of the main transmission. The end of the connecting shaft, facing toward the front axle differential transmission, is actively connected to the front axle differential transmission. The front axle differential transmission is fixed to the vehicle by at least one adaptor device allowing the front axle differential transmission to be adapted to a variety of arrangement positions along the rotation axis of the connection shaft.

Abstract: A clamping and/or spreading tool comprises a drive for displacement of a push or pull rod to which a movable jaw is fixed with respect to a support carrying a stationary jaw in longitudinal direction of the push and pull rod, the drive comprising a torsion spring and being adapted to enter torque transmitting engagement with the push or pull rod for displacement of the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clamping and/or spreading tool having a stationary jaw and a support to which the stationary jaw is fixedly connected. A push or pull rod is slideably supported on the support and a movable jaw is fixedly arranged on the push or pull rod, wherein the clamping and/or spreading tool is designed to displace the push or pull rod relative to the fixed jaw in an advance direction. The clamping and/or spreading tool further comprises at least one trigger with at least two lever configurations, wherein a mechanism for switching from a first lever configuration to a second lever configuration is provided. At least two active levers are engageable with the push or pull rod via at least one driver to displace the push or pull rod in an advance direction.

Abstract: A drive train arrangement for a vehicle comprising a main transmission and a transfer box which are both housed within a transmission housing. The transfer box comprises a drive output which is connected to a rear axle differential transmission and connectable, by a torque transmission element and a connecting shaft, to a front axle differential transmission. The connecting shaft is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the drive output shaft of the main transmission. The end of the connecting shaft, facing toward the front axle differential transmission, is actively connected to the front axle differential transmission. The front axle differential transmission is fixed to the vehicle by at least one adaptor device allowing the front axle differential transmission to be adapted to a variety of arrangement positions along the rotation axis of the connection shaft.

Abstract: A clamping and/or spreading tool comprising a push or pull rod to which a mobile jaw is fixed, a fixed jaw, a gear mechanism which can be used to move the mobile jaw towards or away from the fixed jaw by moving the push or pull rod in a clamping or spreading direction, and to apply clamping and/or bracing forces between the jaws, and a lock used to block movement of the push or pull rod in an opening direction opposing the clamping or spreading direction, in order to maintain clamping and/or spreading forces produced between the jaws. A mechanism for dissipating the stored clamping and/or spreading forces enables an absorption movement of the push or pull rod in the opening direction along a pre-determined absorption course, and especially detachably blocks an absorption movement of the push or pull rod over the predetermined absorption course, in the opening direction.

Abstract: A clamping and/or spreading tool comprises a drive for displacement of a push or pull rod to which a movable jaw is fixed with respect to a support carrying a stationary jaw in longitudinal direction of the push and pull rod, the drive comprising a torsion spring and being adapted to enter torque transmitting engagement with the push or pull rod for displacement of the same.