Abstract: An intelligent system is provided for monitoring a subsea structure and delivering appropriate cathodic protection to desired areas of the subsea structure. According to an embodiment, the technique involves monitoring a cathodic protection potential level at an important location or locations of the subsea structure. Based on the data acquired via monitoring, a controller is able to apply voltage levels to the subsea structure so as to attain and modulate a desired cathodic protection level, e.g. a cathodic protection level within a range of about ?800 mV to ?950 mV (SCE). Consequently, undesirable overprotection and under protection are avoided and the subsea structure is adequately protected from corrosion while reducing undesirable production of hydrogen.

Abstract: An intelligent system is provided for monitoring a subsea structure and delivering appropriate cathodic protection to desired areas of the subsea structure. According to an embodiment, the technique involves monitoring a cathodic protection potential level at an important location or locations of the subsea structure. Based on the data acquired via monitoring, a controller is able to apply voltage levels to the subsea structure so as to attain and modulate a desired cathodic protection level, e.g. a cathodic protection level within a range of about ?800 mV to ?950 mV (SCE). Consequently, undesirable overprotection and under protection are avoided and the subsea structure is adequately protected from corrosion while reducing undesirable production of hydrogen.

Abstract: A 3/2 directional poppet valve is provided having a pilot poppet valve and a main valve. Said main valve comprises a housing having a longitudinal bore within which two 2/2 cartridge or logic valves are arranged in an axially opposite manner. A spool is provided in each of said logic valves. The diameters of said spools being different and the front ends of said spools facing towards each other can be mechanically coupled such that the movement of the one or the other spool into the closing position causes a movement of the other spool out of its closing position.

Abstract: The switching time in opening and closing a valve is determined by a closing throttle and an opening throttle which both together are arranged in series with a check valve. For closing the valve the check valve is opened thus making the opening throttle ineffective so that the closing speed is solely determined by the cross-section of the closing throttle. For opening the valve the check valve is closed so that the control pressure is decreased across the opening throttle defining a desired opening speed.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated two-way seat type valve includes a housing a forming valve seat, and a locking body displaceable in the housing and cooperating with the valve seat. A cover is mounted on the housing. An actuating piston for actuating the locking body of the valve is guided in the cover. The piston has two opposing piston-shaped extensions one of which is secured to the locking body whereby a non self-closing valve can be switching into the self-closing valve.