Abstract: The present invention concerns a membrane electrode for measuring glucose concentration in liquids, comprising: a base membrane with at least one noble metal electrode which is arranged on one side of the base membrane; a proton-selective ion membrane arranged on the base membrane and the noble metal electrode; and a double membrane which is arranged on the ion membrane and in which glucose oxidase is contained in a suitable medium, and also an electronic circuit for operation of the membrane electrode comprising: a stabilised polarisation voltage source; two high-impedance amplifiers; a parallel resistor; an element for processing and storage of the measured parameter; and an output means.

Abstract: A device for determining size variations of tissue particles. The device includes a light source and an illuminating light guide capable of irradiating light into a human tissue to produce back-scattered light, and at least two receiving light guides at different radial distances from the illuminating light guide, for receiving back-scattered light from the tissue. The device can be used for determining size variations of tissue particles such as mitochondria.

Abstract: The invention relates specifically to a process for the determination of local dye concentrations in animal and human tissues. Light from two different wavelength regions (I, II), one of which (I) has a window for hemoglobin, is irradiated into a subregion of the tissue and the diffuse reflectance (MIO, MIIO) determined. Then, in another step, by means of the diffuse reflectance in the first wavelength region and at least one tissue-type-specific standard basic diffuse reflectance curve obtained in advance for both wavelength regions a tissue-person-specific standard basic diffuse reflectance curve (SIIO) for the second wavelength region (II) is determined, and by means of the determined tissue-person-specific standard basic diffusereflectance curve (SIIO) and the measured diffuse reflectance (MIIO) in the second wavelength region (II) a value for the hemoglobin concentration (KHb1) is obtained.

Abstract: An optical method for quantitative determination of human serum albumin (HSA) in biological liquids such as urine is based on the observation that the absorption and fluorescence of certain anionic cyanine dyes possessing a terminal cyano group and having the general formula ##STR1## are strongly affected by HSA. This approach is distinctly more sensitive than existing techniques, allowing the detection and quantization of micro-albuminuria (i.e. detection of HSA in the 1-10 mg per liter concentration range) at costs which are distinctly lower than those for existing immunological assays. It is also much more specific for HSA than existing assays based on dye binding. Because the dyes has long wave absorptions and emissions, use can be made of electro-optical components based on semiconductor technology.

Abstract: An electromagnetic support arrangement consists of at least one stator having a current-excited winding and a runner for rectilinear runner movements having at least one high-permeability runner iron section, the runner being movable perpendicularly to the magnetic field direction built up by the winding and the exciting current being controllable for each stator winding. The exciting current is variable in dependence upon at least one control parameter concerning the relative association of stator and runner. One of the possible preferred embodiments of the invention relates to the use of the electromagnetic support arrangement for wheel suspensions of a vehicle chassis or running gear.

Abstract: In a catheter or hollow needle type electrolytic measuring device having a measuring electrode and a gas reference electrode, an arrangement for stabilizing the operation of the gas reference electrode includes a lipophile membrane coating a part of the gas reference electrode which communicates with an electrolyte containing space. A source of gas, preferably in the form of another electrode which release gas at a constant rate from the electrolyte, is arranged in the space opposite the gas reference electrode.

Abstract: A method for measurement of the concentration of a substance diffusable through inert membranes has a measuring electrode of metal, an electrolyte chamber containing electrolyte, a lipophilous membrane partially covering the measuring electrode and located between the measuring electrode and the electrolyte, and a reference electrode, wherein the substance is H.sub.2 O.sub.2, the combined membrane contains lipophilous ions and/or carrier-bound ions, the base membrane is proton impermeable, and the measuring electrode is formed as anode.

Abstract: A device for calibrating gas electrodes inserted into a gas testing container within sterile environment of an operation room is mounted on a movable frame and has one side to be sterilized and carrying a work table with the gas testing container and another side at which a nonsterile person operates. A gas supply unit is mounted on another side of the frame. Those two sides are separated from each other by a yoke which supports gas hoses extended between the gas testing container and the gas supply unit.

Abstract: An ion-selective electrode device for measuring oxygen concentrations comprises a noble metal reduction electrode connected to a voltage source; a reference electrode connected to said reduction electrode; an ion-selective carrier or ligand membrane disposed in front of the reduction electrode and containing a cation-selective ligand and being permeable to hydrogen ion; a closure membrane to seal the device against the outside atmosphere, the said closure membrane being permeable to oxygen and impermeable to water, and an electroyte containing the ligand cation of said ligand membrane, the said electrolyte being disposed between the said ligand membrane and said closure membrane.

Abstract: The oxygen concentration (partial pressure) in a perfused medium, such as man tissue through which blood is perfused, is measured polarographically. The polarographic measurement process itself consumes oxygen, and tends to yield a read-out lower than the true concentration. Non-zero perfusion tends to replenish the consumed oxygen, thus counteracting the too low read-out, but the read-out is still lower than the true concentration. The uncorrected oxygen measurement is corrected by one factor to simulate a condition wherein perfusion is zero but oxygen consumption is non-zero, and by a second factor to simulate a condition in which the perfusion has its actual value but oxygen consumption is zero, thereby yielding an accurate oxygen read-out. A switchover device connects a polarography electrode and a reference electrode across a hydrogen-generating unit, and then a polarograhic hydrogen-measuring unit, and then a polarographic oxygen-measuring unit, in succession.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for continuously measuring the partial pressure of a gas in a sample, particularly of oxygen dissolved in blood flowing through muscle tissue which is covered by a skin layer, comprises a support probe which is adapted to be positioned intermediate the skin layer and a portion of the sample so that the probe is fixedly held in position against the sample portion. A polarographic cell is mounted on the probe and has a gas-measuring part which is in firm engagement with the sample portion so as to generate a signal indicative of the amount of gas being diffused from the sample portion. The polarographic cell is interchangeably and detachably mounted on the probe so as to facilitate sterilization of the various parts of the arrangement.

Abstract: An ion-selective electrode device for measuring oxygen concentrations comprises a noble metal reduction electrode connected to a voltage source; a reference electrode connected to said reduction electrode; an ion-selective carrier or ligand membrane disposed in front of the reduction electrode and containing a cation-selective ligand and being permeable to hydrogen ion; a closure membrane to seal the device against the outside atmosphere, the said closure membrane being permeable to oxygen and impermeable to water, and an electroyte containing the ligand cation of said ligand membrane, the said electrolyte being disposed between the said ligand membrane and said closure membrane.