Abstract: A device for classifying electrical contacting between a first connecting element of a battery and a second connecting element, which is directly or indirectly connected to an electrical load. A temperature sensor is provided for detecting the temperature of the first connecting element and/or of the second connecting element and a control device, which is coupled to the temperature sensor and which is configured, on the basis of a detecting signal of the temperature sensor, to classify the electrical contacting between the first connecting element and the second connecting element. A corresponding method and to a battery system, as well as a battery receiving system including such a device for classifying electrical contacting. Moreover, there is provided an electrical power supply system with such a battery system and such a battery receiving system.

Abstract: A motor vehicle control system having a coil switch which is connected to the vehicle electric system is intended to permit reliable operation of a coil switch without power losses in the semiconductor switches. For this purpose, a step-up converter is connected between the vehicle electric system and the coil switch.

Abstract: Mixed signal circuit (4, 4?) for an electronic, protected control or regulation system, including a connecting bus for the connection of an external module (9, 9?) and one or more external and/or internal sensor inputs (2, 2?) for the connection of sensor modules, in which case the inputs can receive sensor data as well as test data (14, 15) which safeguard the sensor data, and in which case the test data being used on the input side for safeguarding the sensor data are also used internally for safeguarding the sensor data which are reprocessed internally. The invention furthermore relates to a data transmission method with several data transmission steps (18, 18?, 16, 16?, 6, 6?, 7, 7?, 8, 8?) as well as to the use of the above mixed signal circuit in an electronic, protected motor vehicle control or regulation system.

Abstract: 1. A method for operating an electronic module which is supplied with electrical energy by an operating voltage source with a circuit unit for carrying out at least one system function, wherein in the event of an operating voltage interruption the operating voltage is supplied by a system-autonomous capacitor and wherein the system function can be activated by means of the energy reserve supplied by a function-autonomous capacitor and in which furthermore the system-autonomous capacitor is charged by a voltage converter connected to the operating voltage source. 2.1.