Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the production of unsymmetrically substituted cyanobiphenyls by the slow addition of an aryl Grignard compound to an optionally substituted bromobenzonitrile in the presence of a palladium complex catalyst.

Abstract: The reaction mixture obtained in the production of 2,3-epoxypropyltrialkylammonium chlorides by treatment of chlorohydroxypropyltrialkylammonium chlorides with alkaline acting materials in aqueous medium containing impurities which create problems in the subsequent use of the 2,3-epoxypropyltrialkylammonium chloride. According to the invention the reaction mixture is freed from these impurities by separating it from undissolved impurities by employing at least about 0.2 mole of 2,3-epoxypropyltrialkylammonium chloride per mole of water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-arylthiobenzoic acids which are useful as intermediates in producing thioxanthene compounds comprises reacting by reacting lithium 2-chlorobenzoate of the formula ##STR1## with lithium thiophenoxide of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or nitro andn is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: A process for preparation of diaryl sulphides by reaction of an aromatic diazonium salt in an alkaline medium with arenethiol is catalyzed by a non-metallic solid, such as charcoal, silica gel or aluminium oxide, having a specific surface of greater than or equal to 0.02 m.sup.2 /cm.sup.3.

Abstract: 2-Mercaptobenzoxazoles of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or halogen and M is hydrogen or a metal atom, are prepared by reacting an ortho-aminophenol or metal salts thereof, with an alkali metal trithiocarbonate in aqueous solution.

Abstract: An improved process for preparation of arylisocyanide dichloride by chlorinating N-arylformamide in the presence of thionyl chloride wherein the improvement comprises preparing the N-arylformamide by formylation of an arylamine having 6 to 12 aryl carbon atoms with a formylating agent in an inert solvent.removing excess formylating agent and by-products of the formylation thereby leaving the N-arylformamide in the form of a solution or suspension in the inert solvent and chlorinating the N-arylformamide in solution or suspension with a chlorinating agent in the presence of thionyl chloride.

Abstract: A ceramic vane ring for a turbine rotor is provided with slits on the inner and outer cylinderical ceramic cover ring holding the vanes. The slits provide radial stress relief and prevent fractures arising out of thermal stresses in the ceramic vane ring.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a process for recycling used lubricating oils. After drying and gasoline removal, the oil is distilled and then treated with sodium or sodium hydride in a finely-divided state at elevated temperature. This is followed by a further distillation. Both distillations are at temperatures below 300.degree. C., the oil fractions of low volatility being respectively distilled in a molecular distillation apparatus at below 2 mbar.

Abstract: The method produces an article which has a first zone comprising a nonoxide ceramic material (which materials cannot be soldered or welded) and a second zone comprising a different, softer material such as one which can be soldered or welded to other parts. A transition layer between the zones of the article comprises both materials for bonding the zones together. The method forms the article from powders with heat and pressure.

Abstract: The known process for the production of cationic starch ethers by the reaction of starch with cationic etherifying agents in the presence of water in an alkaline medium is improved by reacting the starch at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. with an alkylidene epoxide which has a tertiary amino group or quaternary ammonium group in a medium which contains about 10 to 35 weight percent water and about 0.2 to 2.0 weight percent calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide. There are produced in short reaction times yields not previously attainable.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing used lubricating oils is disclosed wherein the oil is dried, treated with finely dispersed sodium metal at elevated temperature, the remaining free or organically bound metal is decomposed by means of an active hydrogen containing compounds, followed by distillation of the oil for recovery.

Abstract: A process for the reprocessing of used lubricating oil wherein said oils are treated with a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A formaldehyde resin solution compatible fire retardant agent solution compatible with formaldehyde resin solutions is prepared consisting essentially of(a) 30 to 75 weight percent of a phosphoric acid containing condensation product of guanidine and formaldehyde in which the molar ratio A of phosphoric acid to guanidine is between 0.7:1 and 1.5:1 and the molar ratio B of formaldehyde to guanidine is between 1.0:1 and 4.0:1 and in which additionally the product of the two molar ratios A and B is from 1.0 to 6.0, and(b) 70 to 25 weight percent of a saturated, straight chain monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a mixture of such an alcohol and up to 25 weight percent, based on the weight of component (b) of water.

Abstract: The method produces an article which has a first zone comprising a nonoxide ceramic material (which materials cannot be soldered or welded) and a second zone comprising a different, softer material such as one which can be soldered or welded to other parts. A transition layer between the zones of the article comprises both materials for bonding the zones together. The method forms the article from powders with heat and pressure.

Abstract: There is described a process for the production of inert solvent soluble metal alcoholate free from alcohol of crystallization by reacting an alkali metal with an alcohol in an inert solvent above its melting point in an emulsion of the alkali metal in a solvent.

Abstract: Gypsum plaster having a delayed setting time is made by adding a mixture of mesotartaric acid and l-tartaric acid or d,l-tartaric acid or a mixture of l-tartaric acid and d,l-tartaric acid to the gypsum plaster.

Abstract: Industrial gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris) having a delayed setting time is prepared by including D,L-tartaric acid and sufficient calcium hydroxide that a 5 weight % aqueous suspension of the plaster has a pH of at least 11.5.

Abstract: An injection moulding apparatus having an injection mould and a mandrel insertable within the mould is provided with frustoconical co-operating surfaces on the mandrel and mould respectively which are adapted to engage with one another when the mandrel is inserted in the mould. A sliding connection is provided between the mould and its carrier so that the engagement of the conical surfaces can effect alignment of the axis of the mould with the axis of the mandrel. A locking device is provided for locking the mould to the carrier together with a locking control mechanism which releases the locking device as the conical surfaces approach one another and locks the mould to the carrier when the conical surfaces are fully engaged.

Abstract: A manifold for dividing a stream of plasticised material into a plurality of sub-streams as a main channel terminating in an inwardly tapering end wall. A plurality of sub-channels are symmetrically arranged in the inwardly tapering end wall and are provided with transition passages inwardly tapering away from the main channel, adjoining transition passages intersecting to form intersection edges havin knife like edges facing the main channel. The vertex angle of the inwardly tapering end wall and of the transition passages is less than 90.degree. and where there are three or more sub-channels the end wall of the main channel merges substantially tangentially with the intersection edges. A manifold is particularly useful for dividing a main stream of heat sensitive plasticized material such as PVC into a plurality of sub-streams.