Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing color pastes, in which a component comprising colorant particles is dispersed in a binder. In the method of the invention the dispersing operation is controlled by beaming excitational light of a defined wavelength range into a mixture of the component comprising colorant particles and the binder, detecting the light transmitted, reflected and/or scattered by the mixture and determining a sample spectrum, evaluating the sample spectrum and hence determining parameters of the color paste, and monitoring changes in the sample spectrum over time and terminating the dispersing operation when predetermined target parameters are attained.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing polymer-enrobed pigment particles, which comprises mixing in the presence of finely dispersed pigment particles a solution of a polymer in a first solvent with a second solvent in which the polymer is substantially insoluble. The pigment particle can be specifically modified by judicious selection of the polymer.

Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: The invention relates to colorant preparations containing the following main constituents: A) at least one dispersed (A1) or dissolved (A2) colorant; B) if a colorant corresponding to (A1) is used, a dispersing agent; C) a low-molecular polytetrahydurofurane (C1), optionally mixed with one or more difficult-to-evaporate, water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents (C2); and D) water.

Abstract: The invention relates to pigment preparations that contain A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment, and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethylenimine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispersant obtainable by reacting (i) a di- or polyfunctional isocyanate with (ii) an HX-terminated polymeric compound, where X is COO, O, S or NR1 and R1 is H or C1-C6-alkyl; and either (iii) an HY-terminated homopolymer of a monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinylamides, N-vinyllactams and vinyl- or allyl-substituted nitrogenous heterocycles or copolymer of one or more of the monomers mentioned and optionally further monomers, where Y is COO, O, S or NR2 and R2 is H or C1-C6-alkyl; or (iv) an HY-functional organic phosphonic ester, where Y is as defined above. The dispersant is especially useful for dispersing pigments and for preparing inkjet inks.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing polymer-enrobed pigment particles, which comprises mixing in the presence of finely dispersed pigment particles a solution of a polymer in a first solvent with a second solvent in which the polymer is substantially insoluble. The pigment particle can be specifically modified by judicious selection of the polymer.

Abstract: In moldings which have a density of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 and contain silica aerogel particles which have a mean diameter d.sub.m of from 0.001 to 8 mm and are bonded to one another by means of at least one organic or inorganic binder, the binder contains sheet silicates and/or clay minerals.

Abstract: Gels for thermotropic layers, obtainable by irradiation of a mixture comprisinga) an uncrosslinked polymer,b) monomers capable of free-radical polymerization andc) water or an organic solvent or mixtures thereof, with high-energy light.

Abstract: SiO.sub.2 aerogels containing carbon particles are obtainable by heatinga) organically modified SiO.sub.2 aerogels in the presence of at least one pyrolyzable hydrocarbon gas and/or at least one inert gas orb) organically unmodified SiO.sub.2 aerogels in the presence of at least one pyrolyzable hydrocarbon gas and in the presence or absence of inert gases to 600.degree.-1300.degree. C.

Abstract: A molding based on supercritically dried silica aerogel parts in the form of spherical particles having a diameter of from 0.1 to 10 mm or sheet-like pieces having a thickness of from 2 to 30 mm and a diameter of from 1 to 5 cm, wherein the molding is produced by pressing at from 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. and at from 0.5 to 10 bar, if necessary under a protective gas, such as nitrogen, without addition of binders.

Abstract: The wet-end coloring of paper with pigments and fixers is carried out by a process in which the pigment and fixer are added simultaneously to the paper pulp to be colored, and the fixer used is a cationic fixer, in an amount of from 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the dry paper pulp to be colored.

Abstract: A thermal insulating material based on a pigment-containing silica aerogel is obtainable bya) reacting an aqueous dispersion of sodium silicate and a pigment with a strong acid or sodium silicate with a pigment-containing strong acid to give a pigment-containing silica hydrogen, the pigment being such that it scatters, absorbs or reflects infrared radiation of wavelength 3-10 .mu.m,b) substantially freeing the resulting pigment-containing silica hydrogel from ionic constituents by washing with water,c) displacing the water in the hydrogen by a low-boiling liquid which is inert toward the pigment-containing silica gel,d) heating the liquid-containing silica gel thus obtained under supercritical conditions while completely covered with the liquid, ande) subsequently removing the liquid from the solid by flash vaporization at supercritical temperature.

Abstract: A stationary container equipped with an inlet and an outlet and filled with grinding medium encloses a drivable, rotatably mounted stirrer whose active surfaces are formed as impellers for the grinding medium which are closely adjacent to the inner surface of the container.