Abstract: Composite materials that can be used to block radiation of a selected wavelength range or provide highly pure colors are disclosed. The materials include dispersions of particles that exhibit optical resonance behavior, resulting in the radiation absorption cross-sections that substantially exceed the particles' geometric cross-sections. The particles are preferably manufactured as uniform nanosize encapsulated spheres, and dispersed evenly within a carrier material. Either the inner core or the outer shell of the particles comprises a conducting material exhibiting plasmon (Froehlich) resonance in a desired spectral band. The large absorption cross-sections ensure that a relatively small volume of particles will render the composite material fully opaque (or nearly so) to incident radiation of the resonance wavelength, blocking harmful radiation or producing highly pure colors.

Abstract: A method is provided for optimally engineering a toroidal transmission having a desired input/output ratio to implement the desired ratio of the transmission while meeting the torque and efficiency requirements of the design. Nanoparticle technology is used to manufacture the stator walls to replace the cutting and milling procedures now in use. A novel Mitchell bearing sleeve and its particular hydrodynamic lubrication and cooling method are proposed herein, as well as the introduction of a novel, ultra smooth, amorphous non-oxidizing contact sleeve material used to form the contact sleeve of the drive rollers. A novel self-lubricating system is further provided that includes an oil reservoir disposed within an output shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: A method is provided for optimally engineering a toroidal transmission having a desired input/output ratio to implement the desired ratio of the transmission while meeting the torque and efficiency requirements of the design. Nanoparticle technology is used to manufacture the stator walls to replace the cutting and milling procedures now in use. A novel Mitchell bearing sleeve and its particular hydrodynamic lubrication and cooling method are proposed herein, as well as the introduction of a novel, ultra smooth, amorphous non-oxidizing contact sleeve material used to form the contact sleeve of the drive rollers. A novel self-lubricating system is further provided that includes an oil reservoir disposed within an output shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: A method is provided for optimally engineering a toroidal transmission having a desired input/output ratio to implement the desired ratio of the transmission while meeting the torque and efficiency requirements of the design. Nanoparticle technology is used to manufacture the stator walls to replace the cutting and milling procedures now in use. A novel Mitchell bearing sleeve and its particular hydrodynamic lubrication and cooling method are proposed herein, as well as the introduction of a novel, ultra smooth, amorphous non-oxidizing contact sleeve material used to form the contact sleeve of the drive rollers. A novel self-lubricating system is further provided that includes an oil reservoir disposed within an output shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: The subject invention related to methods and apparatuses for the manufacture of magnetizable carrier particles. In addition the subject invention pertains to particles having one or more of a variety of particle configurations and/or functional features. These geometric particle configurations and/or functional features such as delivering or removing a pay load can be tailored to achieve one or more desired missions. The subject invention also pertains to a method and apparatus for the delivery of particles to target materials, in order to accomplish one or more of a variety of missions. In a specific embodiment of the subject invention, acicular and other particles with a lengthwise dimension that are substantially uniform and homogenous in their geometry are manufactured and provided with magnetizations. In this way, predictable mechanical force responsivity can be achieved when these particles are subjected to an external magnetic field gradient.

Abstract: A method of delivery of reactive substances that are attached to magnetizable needle-like particles using a magneto-mechanical delivery device. The subject method and device can be utilized for the delivery of reactive or other substances, such as DNA via the penetration of a target body. Such penetration of a target or multiple targets can initiate the interaction between the material contained within the target site and the chemical substances delivered by the particles into the targets. In a preferred embodiment, the subject device is portable and does not require electrical power.

Abstract: A network of inter-connectable optical fibers equipped, at strategic locations, with devices that can respond to optical signals emanating from a particular source as part of a message or data stream to determine the destination and select suitable fibers to assure its arrival at the point of destination, using at said locations lambda-extractor switches for single frequencies to signal the switching logic, nanosecond responsive switches to re-direct the data flow into appropriate other optical fibers on an instantaneous time basis, and massive cross-connecting switches that enable the connection to any incoming fiber to any outgoing fiber within one module in a mechanically asynchronous manner.

Abstract: A method of delivery of reactive substances that are attached to magnetizable needle-like particles using a magneto-mechanical delivery device. The subject method and device can be utilized for the delivery of reactive or other substances, such as DNA via the penetration of a target body. Such penetration of a target or multiple targets can initiate the interaction between the material contained within the target site and the chemical substances delivered by the particles into the targets. In a preferred embodiment, the subject device is portable and does not require electrical power.

Abstract: The subject invention related to methods and apparatuses for the manufacture of magnetizable carrier particles. In addition the subject invention pertains to particles having one or more of a variety of particle configurations and/or functional features. These geometric particle configurations and/or functional features such as delivering or removing a pay load can be tailored to achieve one or more desired missions. The subject invention also pertains to a method and apparatus for the delivery of particles to target materials, in order to accomplish one or more of a variety of missions. In a specific embodiment of the subject invention, acicular and other particles with a lengthwise dimension that are substantially uniform and homogenous in their geometry are manufactured and provided with magnetizations. In this way, predictable mechanical force responsivity can be achieved when these particles are subjected to an external magnetic field gradient.

Abstract: A method of making a gas-impermeable, chemically inert container wall structure comprising the steps of providing a base layer of an organic polymeric material; conducting a pair of reactive gases to the surface of the base layer preferably by pulsed gas injection; heating the gases preferably by microwave energy pulses sufficiently to create a plasma which causes chemical reaction of the gases to form an inorganic vapor compound which becomes deposited on the surface, and continuing the conducting and heating until the compound vapor deposit on the surface forms a gas-impermeable, chemically inert barrier layer of the desired thickness on the surface. Various wall structures and apparatus for making them are also disclosed.

Abstract: A digital positioning system has a carrier in the form of a belt with a work surface and arrays of first and second conductors extending under that surface generally parallel to one another, each second conductor being spaced close to a first conductor to define a narrow gap between them. A voltage source applies a potential difference between the conductors to produce electrostatic fields which can attract and hold a substrate to said carrier work surface. Sensors are provided to enabling the longitudinal and lateral positions of the belt to be monitored to produce control signals to shift work elements operating on selected locations of the substrate at successive work stations to compensate for unwanted movements of the belt.

Abstract: A device for recording an image includes a recording surface and a write head positioned next to the recording surface. The write head has at least one microtunnel, with each microtunnel having an anode placed near the recording surface and a cathode located further away from the recording surface than the anode, so as to permit generation of a gas plasma between the anode and the cathode. A voltage source varies the voltage of the anode so as to permit recording of the image on the recording surface. In another embodiment, an additional anode is located near the cathode further away from the recording surface than the first anode.

Abstract: A printing apparatus (10) employs electrostatic gripper plates (12, 14, and 16) to stepwise advance printing substrates (18) in a reciprocating shuttle fashion past a print head (22) that contains microchannels (33) that are filled with ink by capillary action awaiting, in concave shape at each microchannel orifice, print activation which is accomplished by imposing electrical fields at each electronically addressable orifice to cause the ink to protrude in a convex shape.

Abstract: An electrical motor includes a stator housing having a toroidally shaped inner cavity. A plurality of stator electromagnets are mounted along the cavity wall in a plurality of parallel helical paths. A plurality of rotor members are rotatively mounted at fixed, spaced-apart angular positions around a ring shaft whose axis is coincident with the axis of the toroidal cavity. Each rotor member includes a plurality of permanent magnets mounted around its circumference. A linear output shaft has one end connected to the ring shaft and its other end extending out of the stator housing. By properly energizing the stator electromagnets, electromagnetic fields set up by them and the rotor magnets interact to produce torque which causes the rotor members to rotate about the ring shaft and to precess laterally causing the ring shaft, and attached linear output shaft, to rotate relative to the stator housing.

Abstract: Small particles are produced by supporting a pair of elongated consumable electrodes coaxially in a housing so that corresponding ends of the electrodes are spaced apart across a gap. A potential difference is applied to the electrodes so that an arc ignited in the gap between the electrode ends gasifies the electrode material at the end. The gas is then cooled so that the gas condenses into small droplets which solidify into solid particles which are collected at a collection site.

Abstract: A toroidal transmission includes a stator having a plurality of helical races that together define a toroidal cavity having an axis, and first and second shafts rotatable about the axis, the first shaft carrying a worm, the second shaft carrying a plurality of multiple-tooth rotors arranged in a circle about the axis so that the rotor teeth are facing toward the axis and drivingly engage the worm and the rotor teeth facing away from the axis extend into the cavity and drivingly engage the races. The transmission has a first mounting plate having an opening therein receiving the first shaft and a second mounting plate having an opening therein receiving the second shaft, the plates being positioned on opposite sides of the rotors perpendicular to the axis.

Abstract: An expandable piston rotary engine includes a core having a substantially circular periphery and central axis, and a rotor/flywheel mounted concentrically for rotation relative to the core. The core defines a plurality of cylinders spaced symmetrically about, and open at, the periphery of the core. Each cylinder contains a radially expandable, substantially cylindrical piston formed of a relatively thin web of material, such as sapphire or amorphous steel. The piston web material is coiled about its associated cylinder axis, and defines an internal combustion chamber whose diameter, and volume, vary in response to a relative coiling and uncoiling of the web in its cylinder. The inner surface of the rotor/flywheel defines with the periphery of the core, the cylinders and the outer surfaces of the pistons a closed space for a hydraulic fluid. Intake and exhaust valves and fuel igniters are associated with each of the cylinders.

Abstract: An electronic printing device is disclosed which uses flexible whiskers to transfer a charge corresponding to an image to a dielectric recording surface. The recording surface preferably has areas of differing conductivity so that microfields form on the dielectric surface. Ink, preferably non-charged, may then be attracted to the recording surface through dipole forces and later transferred to paper.

Abstract: A toroidal drive system includes a housing composed of first and second mating housing sections having interior walls which cooperate to define a plurality of parallel, helix-like races inscribed in a torus having a circular axis. The two mating housing sections are secured together and a plurality of rotary elements are fixedly spaced apart along that axis, the elements each having an axle fixed at the axis and a plurality of removable, radially extending teeth rotatably encircling the corresponding axle, each tooth of each rotary element engaging in a different one of the plurality of races. A worm is mounted for rotation in the housing about an axis substantially perpendicular to the circular axis, that worm engaging at least one tooth of each of the plurality of rotary elements. Power take off means are connected to all of the axles and extend without the housing.

Abstract: A digital positioning system has a carrier in the form of a belt with a work surface and arrays of first and second conductors extending under that surface generally parallel to one another, each second conductor being spaced close to a first conductor to define a narrow gap between them. A voltage source applies a potential difference between the conductors to produce electrostatic fields which can attract and hold a substrate to said carrier work surface. Monitoring means are provided to enabling the longitudinal and lateral positions of the belt to be monitored to produce control signals to shift work elements operating on selected locations of the substrate at successive work stations to compensate for unwanted movements of the belt.