Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing compounds of general formula (I), wherein Rt represents an oxocyclohexyl radical which is optionally substituted by a hydroxyl radical, an alkoxy radical, and/or alkyl radicals, or an oxocyclohexenyl radical which is optionally substituted by a hydroxyl radical, an alkoxy radical, and/or alkyl radicals, the oxo groups being in the form of an acetal, a ketone, or an enol ether, and R2 represents a hydroxy group or a protective group which can be transformed into a hydroxy group by means of hydrolysis. A compound of general formula (II) is cathodically reduced in a divided or partially divided electrolysis cell at a pH value of between 2 and 9.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound or of a mixture of two or more carbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalyst which comprises an inorganic support containing TiO2, and as active component copper or a mixture of copper and at least one of the metals selected from the group of zinc, aluminum, cerium, a noble metal and a group VIII metal, wherein the copper surface area does not exceed 10 m2/g.

Abstract: A carbonyl compound or a mixture of two or more carbonyl compounds is catalytically hydrogenated in the presence of a Raney copper catalyst in the form of nuggets.

Abstract: Alcohols are prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds at elevated temperatures and at superatmospheric pressure in the liquid phase by a process in which the catalyst used contains copper on an SiO2-containing carrier in the presence or absence of one or more of the elements magnesium, barium, zinc and chromium.

Abstract: Acyl chlorides are prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid or its anhydride with carbonyl chloride in the presence of a carboxamide of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a radical of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl of 1 to 9 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 9 carbon atoms and the two radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may furthermore be a hydrocarbon radical which completes the moiety ##STR3## to form a heterocyclic structure, and the stated alkyl and hydrocarbon radicals may furthermore contain substituents which are inert under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Cyclic 6-membered to 8-membered 1,2-vinylenedioxy compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is ##STR2## R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 independently of one another are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.16 -alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkynyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -alkylphenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -phenalkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 -phenalkenyl or a heterocyclic structure, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.2 and R.sup.6, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together form a cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 may furthermore carry substituents which are inert under the reaction conditions, and n is 0 or 1, are prepared by a process in which a cyclic 2-oxymethyl-1,3-dioxa compound or one of its derivatives of the general formula II ##STR3## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.7, A and n have the abovementioned meanings, and R.sup.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Organic halogen compounds in which one or more halogen atoms are covalently bonded to the carbon are subjected to reductive dehalogenation by reaction with a hydrocarbon in the presence of carbon at elevated temperatures with formation of a hydrogen halide, by a process in which the dehalogenation is carried out in the presence of iron powder or an iron compound as a cocatalyst, at from 100.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and R.sup.3 is not C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl when A is COOR.sup.5 and A is COOR.sup.5, .dbd.CHOR.sup.5, in which R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or CH.sub.2 OR.sup.6, in which R.sup.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or is benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, or is formyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylcarbonyl or benzoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, are prepared by eliminating an alcohol from a 2-alkoxytetrahydropyran II ##STR2## where R.sup.7 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl and A' is COOR.sup.5, CH(OR.sup.5).sub.2 or CH.sub.2 OR.sup.6, in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: 3-pentenoates are prepared from 2-pentenoates by a process in which(a) a 2-pentenoate of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, is reacted with a compound of the formula IIR.sup.2 -X-H IIwhere R.sup.2 has the meanings given for R.sup.1 and X is an oxygen or sulfur atom, or with a compound of the formula III ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloakkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together with the nitrogen atom on which they are substituents may form a 5-membered to 7-membered ring which may additionally contain a nitrogen or oxygen atom as a hetero atom, at from 20.degree. to 300.degree. C., in the presence or absence of a basic catalyst, to give a compound of the formula IV ##STR3## where Y is --XR.sup.2 or ##STR4## in which X, R.sup.

Abstract: Organic sulfur compounds, such as sulfonic acids, sulfonyl halides, sulfonates, sulfonamides, sulfonic acid anhydrides, sulfones, sulfoxides and/or disulfanes, are reduced by a method in which the sulfur compound in the liquid or gas phase is reacted with a hydrocarbon in the presence of carbon at from 100.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Caprolactam is prepared by heating a 6-aminocaproic ester at 100.degree.-320.degree. C. in the presence of a reaction medium comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon which is liquid under reaction conditions and has a boiling point from 80.degree. to 240.degree. C., and isolating caprolactam from the reaction medium.

Abstract: In an improved process for preparing caprolactam by heating 6-aminocaproic acid, an ester or amide or mixture thereof in the presence of an inert reaction medium which is liquid under the reaction conditions and has a boiling point above that of caprolactam, the improvement comprises using as the reaction medium a hydrocarbon, maintaining a temperature of from 150.degree. to 350.degree. C., charging the 6-aminocaproic acid, ester, amide or mixture thereof at a rate commensurate with their rate of conversion, and separating caprolactam from the reaction mixture at a rate commensurate with its rate of formation.

Abstract: 5,6-Dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxaldehydes of the formula ##STR1## where R denotes hydrogen or methyl, are prepared by a method in which acrolein or crotonaldehyde is reacted with hydrogen sulfide in a mineral oil whose boiling point is higher than those of the starting materials and of the end product, and the 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-carboxaldehyde is obtained by distillation. These aldehydes are important intermediates for the preparation of some crop protection agents.

Abstract: Adipodinitrile is prepared by reacting adipic acid with excess ammonia at from 250.degree. to 350.degree. C. in the liquid phase in the presence of a diluent by a process in which a liquid hydrocarbon which is inert under the reaction conditions is used as the diluent.