Abstract: A process and a reactor for the of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor has a reactor chamber; steam generating heat exchange units; at least one steam drum; and recirculation lines for circulating water and steam between one or more of the heat exchange units and the steam drum. The steam drum further includes a steam feed line for transporting steam via a heat exchange unit and a superheated steam line to a superheated steam header. The superheated steam line is split into a return line leading to a heat exchange line through the steam drum, and a header feed line.

Abstract: A process and a reactor for the of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor has a reactor chamber; steam generating heat exchange units; at least one steam drum; and recirculation lines for circulating water and steam between one or more of the heat exchange units and the steam drum. The steam drum further includes a steam feed line for transporting steam via a heat exchange unit and a superheated steam line to a superheated steam header. The superheated steam line is split into a return line leading to a heat exchange line through the steam drum, and a header feed line.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling hot gas comprises: (i) a vertical elongated vessel provided with a cooling medium compartment comprising in use a first cooling medium, an inlet to supply fresh first cooling medium and a outlet for discharge of used first cooling medium, the vessel further provided with an inlet for hot gas and an outlet for cooled gas, at least one heat exchange tube, which heat exchange tube is positioned in the cooling medium compartment (and fluidly connects the inlet for hot gas and the outlet for cooled gas, (ii) said cooling medium compartment further comprising a vertical and centrally positioned open ended downcomer wherein said heat exchange tube is positioned in a space between the downcomer and the vessel wall, (iii) and wherein the heat exchanger tube is mounted at its upstream end in a tube plate and wherein the tube plate is provided with means to supply a second cooling medium to the exterior of the upstream end of the heat exchanger tube, means to discharge the used second cooling me

Abstract: The method for generating steam with concentrated solar radiation includes the step of heating an absorber by solar radiation and directing a stream of air through the absorber to produce a heated air. The heated air is guided through a heat storage device provided for compensating short-term temperature fluctuations. Steam is generated with the heated air and is thereby cooled. At least a portion of the cooled air is returned to the upstream side of the absorber. The device for preforming the method includes a tower having an air heating device with a solar radiation absorber connected to the top of the tower. An air inlet for introducing air into the air heating device is provided. A steam generator is connected to the tower downstream of the air heating device. A heated air channel is arranged at the tower for guiding the heated air from the air heating device to the steam generator.

Abstract: A high-temperature receiver for converting concentrated solar radiation has a channel with an inlet and an outlet. An areal air-permeable support element is connected to the inlet. An absorber structure for absorbing solar radiation is supported by the support element and is made of an air-permeable mat material. Air is transported as a cooling medium through the absorber structure in a flow direction identical to a direction in which the solar radiation hits the absorber structure. The mat material has a first density in an area where the solar radiation enters the absorber structure and a second density in an area where the absorber structure faces the support element. The first density is lower than the second density. The first density favors absorption of the solar radiation and the second density provides for a secure fastening of the absorber structure on the support element.

Abstract: A solar device has an air receiver with a housing and an absorber connected within the housing. The absorber is heated by solar radiation. The absorber has an upstream side and a downstream side, wherein a stream of air is guided through the absorber from the upstream side to the downstream side and heated to generate heated air and wherein said heated air is cooled to produce useable heat energy and cooled air. A device for returning at least a portion of the cooled air as return air in a plurality of partial streams to the absorber is provided for guiding the partial streams through the absorber counter to the stream of air without mixing therewith from the downstream side to the upstream side. A device for deflecting the partial stream at the upstream side is provided for deflecting the partial streams toward the upstream side.