Abstract: An apparatus and a process for the prevention of the rollback of a vehicle with a vehicle braking system (18), wherein a braking system (18) comprises a vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20); a device (28, 34, 36) which are enabled to recognize a forward movement of the vehicle, and a brake control apparatus (16), which is connected to the vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20) and the device (28). There is generated in the control apparatus (16) a signal which, upon a standstill of the vehicle, activates a brake and sensor combination (8, 28) which acts upon a transmission (2) of the vehicle, the brake and the sensor combination (8, 28) being supplementary to the brakes of the vehicle brake system (18) and, upon a recognition of a forward motion of the vehicle, the braking fluid pressure in the vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20) is reduced and thus the brake and the sensor combination (8, 28) acting upon the transmission is released.

Abstract: In a device for communication on a communication path between control elements (18, 20, 22, 24) which are actuated by a driver of a vehicle and emit control signals and devices (4, 8) of the vehicle which receive control signals and convert the control signals into reactions in or on the devices, the control signals are transmitted from the control elements (18, 20, 22, 24) and to the devices (4, 8) in wireless manner at least on sections of the communication path.

Abstract: In a device for communication on a communication path between control elements (18, 20, 22, 24) which are actuated by a driver of a vehicle and emit control signals and devices (4, 8) of the vehicle which receive control signals and convert the control signals into reactions in or on the devices, the control signals are transmitted from the control elements (18, 20, 22, 24) and to the devices (4, 8) in wireless manner at least on sections of the communication path.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for the prevention of the rollback of a vehicle with a vehicle braking system (18), wherein a braking system (18) comprises a vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20); a device (28, 34, 36) which are enabled to recognize a forward movement of the vehicle, and a brake control apparatus (16), which is connected to the vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20) and the device (28). There is generated in the control apparatus (16) a signal which, upon a standstill of the vehicle, activates a brake and sensor combination (8, 28) which acts upon a transmission (2) of the vehicle, the brake and the sensor combination (8, 28) being supplementary to the brakes of the vehicle brake system (18) and, upon a recognition of a forward motion of the vehicle, the braking fluid pressure in the vehicle brake pressure modifying apparatus (20) is reduced and thus the brake and the sensor combination (8, 28) acting upon the transmission is released.

Abstract: In a system for shifting an automatic or automated variable transmission (2) of a vehicle with a voice command device (20) by the driver in which the voice commands given by the driver are compared with reference voice commands stored in a memory (22) and therefrom control signals are formed, in a transmission control (6) the control signals formed form the driver's voice commands are superimposed onto the shift signals calculated by the transmission control (6) in order therefrom to form a shift command of the variable transmission (2) of the vehicle appropriate for the driving situation.

Abstract: A motor vehicle (2) has a transmission (6) with an automated clutch (8) with a control device (20), a gas pedal, a brake pedal and an actuating element (28, 30, 32) which is released for activating an inching procedure. In the method for determining a defined inching procedure, time is measured by the actuating element (28, 30, 32) after the inching procedure has been activated and, after a reference value has been exceeded, the inching procedure starts at a predeterminable speed as long as neither the brake pedal nor the gas pedal has been activated.

Abstract: A motor vehicle (2) has a transmission (6) with an automated clutch (8) with a control device (20), a gas pedal, a brake pedal and an actuating element (28, 30, 32) which is released for activating an inching procedure. In the method for determining a defined inching procedure, time is measured by the actuating element (28, 30, 32) after the inching procedure has been activated and, after a reference value has been exceeded, the inching procedure starts at a predeterminable speed as long as neither the brake pedal nor the gas pedal has been activated.

Abstract: A process is proposed to regulate a continuously variable transmission (2) with a clutch (9). The slip torque of the clutch is cyclically or anticyclically determined and the intensity of the clutch thrust is compared with a characteristic curve. This comparison sets a correction value used for modifying the characteristic curve.

Abstract: The proposal is for a process for controlling and regulating the load take-up in an automatic transmission. To this end, in an overlapping gear change, the torque take-up of a first engaging clutch is derived from feedback values. The feedback values control or regulate the operation of a second disengaging clutch.

Abstract: In a motor vehicle having a transmission (1) which can be optionally operated fully automatically or semi-automatically, and in which a gear-range selector (18) and a gear-shift control (21) are provided. The gear-range selector makes it possible to pre-select a travel speed in which the transmission is gradually shifted up or down by actuating the gear-shift control (21). The gear-shift control (21) is designed as a foot switch (22, 24) located in the foot area of a driver's cab of the motor vehicle, so that both of the driver's hands can stay on the steering wheel while these gear-shift operations are being carried out thereby permitting the driver to concentrate fully on the traffic.

Abstract: A process for controlling a clutch incorporated between the driving engine (M) and the gearbox (G) of a motor vehicle, in which the clutch is a bridging clutch (WK) of a hydrodynamic unit or a separating clutch (K) in a driving train. The process uses devices to measure the engine speed (n-M) and the gearbox output speed (n-ab) and a slip regulating switch mechanism (1). The slip regulating switch mechanism (1) determines the pressure for an actuator (3) of the clutch. The control deviations are derived from a comparison (4) of predetermined slip reference values (w) and the actual slip values (s) obtained from the equipment speeds, and converted to pressures in accordance with a predetermined control algorithm in the regulator (6). The clutch output speed (n-K, n-WK) required for a determination of the slip is obtained from the gear ratio (G-x) and the gear output speed (n-ab).

Abstract: In a blind rivet having a blind rivet body which comprises a rivet head with a hollow shank formed thereon and through which extends a rivet pin which carries a thickening portion arranged at the end of the hollow shank outside the rivet body, the end of the rivet pin, which is remote from the rivet head, in the region of the clamping chuck which engages same in the setting operation, has a portion which decreases towards the rivet head, preferably a cone portion. An apparatus for setting a blind rivet of that kind has a clamping chuck which during the rivet setting operation engages the cone portion of the blind rivet, wherein the engagement surface of the clamping chuck extends from the inside outwardly in the pulling direction, being matched to the cone portion.

Abstract: In a hand-held riveting apparatus having two pivotal levers for performing the actual riveting operation and a screwthreaded mandrel which can be caused to rotate for screwing on the rivet nut and for screwing out the rivet nut after the rivet setting operation. Provided at the rear end of the apparatus housing which is in opposite relationship to the screwthreaded mandrel is a turning mechanism in the form of a rotary head which is non-rotatably connected to a draw spindle which inturn is connected to the screwthreaded mandrel which projects at the front end of the apparatus.

Abstract: A rivet setting tool comprises a feed device which can be actuated for a rivet upsetting operation and which imparts an axial movement to the rivet pin. The feed device includes a piston-cylinder assembly formed by a working piston and a pressing piston. A trigger is arranged to apply pressure to a control valve rod which by its movement opens and closes communicating openings for a pressure fluid in the tool. The trigger is movable in a plane which is inclined with respect to the axis of the control valve rod and when actuated comes into sliding contact by means of a lower rearward edge with an upper end face of the control valve rod to displace it axially.

Abstract: A rivet setting tool having a feed mechanism which can be actuated for a rivet setting operation and which imparts an axial movement to a screwthreaded or tensile pin. The feed mechanism comprises a piston cylinder assembly formed by a working piston and a pressing piston. Both pistons are returned to their initial positions by pressure fluid being conducted to the rear sides thereof, thus avoiding the use of return springs acting on the pistons. To provide that effect, a pressure fluid passage extends from the pressure fluid inlet through the handle portion of the tool to a rearward chamber provided behind the working piston and defined at one side thereof by the rearward face of the piston, thereby to urge the working piston towards its initial position, while a further communication urges the pressing piston also towards its initial position.

Abstract: Reference values are stored for various conditions of gear shift operations of a vehicle motor of a particular type and model for various motor speed and load combinations, the reference values having a magnitude characterizing the gear shifting operation, for example the time interval required from the appearance of a gear shift command until the end of slip in a coupling indicates that the gear shift is complete. As the vehicle is driven, actual values of this magnitude are stored and averaged for a predetermined number of shift operations under the same class of condition. Correction values for the pressure of hydraulic fluid of the gear shift control, originally set at zero for all conditions, are determined by comparison of reference values with average actual values and stored.

Abstract: To control the pressure p of an operating fluid in an automatic transmission (12), the input speed and output speed (n.sub.T, n.sub.out) of the transmission is sensed, and the pressure (p) is so controlled by a control unit (21) that the transmission ratio which is actually coupled by the transmission, in view of the pressure set by the friction bands, is carried out in accordance with a predetermined timing function (i.sub.com), for example as stored in a read-only memory (ROM, 24). Change in shifting characteristics can be obtained, for example, by operator-selected different time-engagement relationships to obtain maximum passenger comfort or maximum acceleration, or intermediate relationships.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic rim brake for bicycles with a triggering mechanism which is attached to the handlebar of the bicycle and is actuated by a hand lever, with two brake cylinder housings which are attached to the frame of the bicycle in oppositely located relationship to each other and enclose between them a wheel rim, the brake cylinder housings being connected by pressure lines to the triggering mechanism, with pistons displaceable in the brake cylinder housings, and with brake shoe supports arranged on these pistons for supporting brake shoes engaging the rim. In order to protect the piston from the effect of harmful bending moments, provision is made for the brake shoe supports to be in the form of flanges which are connected to the piston and are each displaceable parallel to the motion of the brake piston in a slide guide provided on the brake cylinder housing, and for the slide guide to simultaneously constitute abutments for absorption of the braking forces.

Abstract: To eliminate the effect of hysteresis when electrical energy is supplied to an electromagnetic positioning element, for example to an electromagnetic valve, upon change in sign of the electrical energy which is provided from a previously occurring change, additional electrical energy is supplied if the change in energy is counter the direction of the magnetization curve. The extent of the additional energy may be at least as great as the gap between the ascending and descending branches of the hysteresis curves (H1, H2), or may be a quantity obtained by experience or measurement if the gap between the hysteresis curves is known or determinable. If the electromagnetic energy applied is in excess of that for reversal of magnetization, it may be applied for a period of time which is just long enough to permit remagnetization of a magnetic portion of the electromagnetic apparatus (11) but not long enough to cause change in a mechanical output thereof.

Abstract: To effect soft gear change, without shifting jolts or shocks, the output torque of an automotive vehicular internal combustion engine is controlled in dependence on sensing of an overrunning condition signal derived, for example, by the conjunction of the accelerator pedal being in "idle" or "unoperated" condition, and the engine operating at a speed in excess of idling speed. Use of such an "overrunning condition" signal permits ready control of the engine without requiring additional control elements or systems coupled to the gear change apparatus or to the transmission.