Abstract: A method is described for the oxidation of organic compounds in which the organic compound that is to be oxidized is brought to reaction in an aqueous solution in the presence of cytochrome P 450, and wherein perfluorinated organic compound is added to the aqueous reaction mixture as activator.

Abstract: A method is described for the oxidation of organic compounds in which the organic compound that is to be oxidized is brought to reaction in an aqueous solution in the presence of cytochrome P 450, and wherein perfluorinated organic compound is added to the aqueous reaction mixture as activator.

Abstract: The invention relates to certain chiral transition metal catalysts, to the metal of which at least two structurally different monophosphorus ligands are bonded, at least one of said monophosphorus ligands being chiral. Said chiral transition metal catalysts are suitable as catalysts for use in asymmetric transition metal-catalyzed reactions, providing better enantioselectivities than in cases where only one structurally defined ligand is used.

Abstract: Chiral ruthenium complexes are disclosed, obtained by reaction of a ruthenium salt with a chiral diphosphonite. Chiral diols with the general structure given in scheme 1 are preferably used as chiral diphosphonites. Said ruthenium complexes can be simply and economically obtained and provide high enantioselectivity on reduction of ketones, ?-ketoesters and ketimines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing iridium oxide coatings, comprising the following steps: a) colloidal IrOx, wherein x represents a number from 1 to 2, is applied to a surface; b) the coated surface is dried; and c) the surface is burned at a temperature ranging between 300 and 1000 ° C. Steps a) to c) can be repeated until the desired layer thickness has been obtained. Using colloidal IrOx as an initial component for producing IrOx coatings prevents toxic gases from forming during burning process.

Abstract: Phosphoramidites with the general formulae I to VI are claimed together with the use of these compounds as ligands of transition metal compounds, in particular in transition metal catalysts, in the hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, hydroboration, hydrocyanation, 1,4-addition, hydroformylation, hydrosilylation, hydrovinylation, and Heck reactions of prochiral olefins, ketones, or ketimines.

Abstract: Certain chiral monophosphites and their monothio derivatives are suitable as ligands in the asymmetrical transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydroborination and hydrocyanation of prochiral olefins, ketones and imines.

Abstract: The invention relates to heterogeneous catalysts which are particularly easy to produce. Said heterogeneous catalysts are generated by immobilizing preformed monometallic or multimetallic metal oxide particles in situ on an oxidic or non-oxidic carrier, wherefore metal oxide colloids which are stabilized by hydroxide ions and immobilized on carriers contained in the suspension are generated from conventional, water-soluble metal salts by means of hydrolysis and condensation. The inventive method makes it possible to produce fuel cell catalysts, for example.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having antibiotic activity which are obtained from body fluids of mollusks, namely of certain West-African snails, to therapeutic drugs comprising these compounds, and to the use thereof for the preparation of a therapeutic drug for controlling infectious pathogens in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the enantioselectivity of kinetic resolution processes and of asymmetrically proceeding reactions of prochiral compounds bearing enantiotopic groups by using isotope-labeled substrates so that the reaction products can be quantitatively determined with an isotope-specific detection system, e.g., an ESI mass spectrometer. In connection with automated sample charging, the method can be employed for high throughput screening. The relevant enantioselective conversions can be induced by chiral homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts, biocatalysts or stoichiometric amounts of optically active agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing optimized catalysts which are optimized, during the course of said production method, in terms of a desired catalyst property or a plurality of properties. A synthetic metal-containing or metal-free catalyst is chemically linked to enzyme or protein mutants which are produced by means of molecular biology, and the catalysts created thereby are subjected to an optimization process using methods from molecular biology, or directed evolution of enzymes. The invention also relates to the catalysts which can be obtained by said method.

Abstract: Certain chiral monophosphites and their monothio derivatives are suitable as ligands in the asymmetrical transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydroborination and hydrocyanation of prochiral olefins, ketones and imines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel chiral 1,1′-ferrocenylene diphosphonites and the synthesis thereof, in addition to complexes of said compounds with metals from groups VIIb, VIIIb and Ib of the Periodic Table and to the use thereof for enantioselective hydrogenation of olefins, ketones and imines, or enantioselective hydroboration and 1,4-addition to activated olefins.

Abstract: Olefins containing aromatic substituents are synthesized without the addition of phosphonium salts or phosphanes with the aid of a PdII compound as a catalyst in the presence of nitrogen-containing additives such as N,N-dimethylglycine and a base.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of olefins having aromatic substituents is described in which olefins are reacted with aryl halides in the presence of catalysts consisting of palladium compounds and tetraaryl phosphonium salts.

Abstract: A lithographic method for the generation of nanostructures on surfaces, characterized in that either stabilized nanometer-sized transition metal clusters or colloids of metals of groups 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 of the Periodic Table, their stabilized metal oxide or metal sulfide analogues, polynuclear metal carbonyl clusters having stoichiometrically defined compositions, or polynuclear metal clusters having stoichiometrically defined compositions or having bridges consisting of main group elements, respectively in the form of a solution, are coated on a surface as a film which is imagewise exposed with an electron beam, wherein defined structures in the nanometer range are generated on the surface after washing off the unexposed portions of the film, optionally followed by annealing.

Abstract: Solvent-stabilized transition metal colloids are prepared either electrochemically by cathodically reducing metal salts in the presence of polar stabilizing solvents to form metal colloids, or the transition metal salts are reduced in polar solvents using an alcohol at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroformylation of terminal and internal olefins in a two-phase system using novel metal catalysts. The two-phase system consists of an aqueous and an organic phase. The metals belong to group VIII of the Periodic Table, e.g., Rh, Ru, Ir, Co or Pd. The ligands for the metals are novel phosphane-modified .beta.-cyclodextrins which are water-soluble.

Abstract: Lipases are immobilized by entrapment in silicon-containing matrices obtained by hydrolysis of alkoxy-silicon compounds in the presence of a catalyst and additives such as proteins, polyhydroxy compounds, insoluble organic polymers and/or insoluble inorganic compounds. The entrapped lipase may be used for treatment of digestive insufficiency in a patient caused by pancreatic disease or cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: Zirconocenes and hafnocenes with borylated cyclopentadienyl ligands and methods for the preparation thereof.