Abstract: A method for preparing hydrogen from ammonia by using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is provided. The method for preparing hydrogen from ammonia, of the present invention, comprises the steps of: generating hydrogen and nitrogen from ammonia gas through a high-temperature reaction by using a catalyst; performing purification by selectively adsorbing unreacted ammonia gas from a gas containing unreacted ammonia and low-purity hydrogen and nitrogen, which are supplied through the high-temperature reaction and cooled; and performing purification by separating high-purity hydrogen from the gas consisting of low-purity hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein purification is carried out by using a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) adsorbent so as to desorb the unreacted ammonia gas through PSA.

Abstract: One or more embodiments relate to a cellulose acetate tow, a filter including the same, and an aerosol generating article including the filter.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a cooling apparatus in which a coolant is circulated, a compressor to compress a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line and configured to evaporate the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, a gas injection device provided in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator and configured to selectively expand and flow the refrigerant and selectively supply some of the refrigerant to the compressor, a refrigerant connection line including a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device between the compressor and the evaporator, and a chiller in the refrigerant connection line for adjusting a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchange.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a first circuit including a radiator and a first valve in a first line, a second circuit including a first water pump, a second valve, and a third valve provided in a second line, a third circuit including electrical equipment provided in a third line, a fourth circuit including second water pump and a fourth valve provided in a fourth line, a fifth circuit including a battery module provided in a fifth line, a sixth circuit including a third water pump and a cooler provided in a sixth line, a seventh circuit including a fourth water pump and a heater provided in a seventh line, and a centralized energy module including a condenser, a chiller, and an evaporator.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a cooling apparatus including a radiator and a multi-way valve connected by a first coolant line and configured to circulate a coolant in the first coolant line, a second coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a first water pump and an electrical component, a third coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a second water pump and a battery module, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner device through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a temperature of the coolant circulated in the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant and to selectively supply some of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: An embodiment is a heat pump system for a vehicle, including a first cooling device including a first radiator, a first water pump, and a first valve connected by a first coolant line, a second cooling device including a second radiator and a second water pump connected by a second coolant line, a third cooling device including a third coolant line connected to the second cooling device through a first valve, a third water pump provided on the third coolant line, and a battery module and, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant supplied from an internal condenser included in an air conditioner and supply the expanded refrigerant to a heat exchanger of the air conditioner, and selectively supply a portion of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: The disclosed gas-liquid separation device separates, from a liquid, gas mixed in the liquid. The gas-liquid separation device includes a body configured to allow mixed fluid to be introduced into a longitudinally central portion thereof, and to have a cylindrical structure having an inner diameter gradually reduced as the body extends from the central portion to opposite ends thereof, a pair of gas discharge pipes respectively provided at the opposite ends of the body and configured to discharge, to an exterior of the body, gas separated from the mixed fluid in an interior of the body, and a pair of liquid discharge pipes respectively provided at the opposite ends of the body and configured to discharge, to the exterior of the body, the mixed fluid from which the gas has been separated.

Abstract: An embodiment water supply module includes a reservoir tank partitioned to accommodate a first coolant and a second coolant having different temperatures. A heat exchanger is coupled to the reservoir tank and includes a first coolant passage and a second coolant passage through which the first coolant and the second coolant flow and a refrigerant passage capable of exchanging heat with the first coolant passage and the second coolant passage. A controller is coupled to the reservoir tank and includes a directional control valve configured to control a flow of the first coolant and the second coolant in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation device has a structure capable of increasing gas-liquid separation performance. The gas-liquid separation device includes: a housing including a fluid inlet passage, a liquid discharge passage, and a gas discharge passage; and a gas-liquid separation unit that is mounted inside the housing, disposed at a rear side of the fluid inlet passage. The gas-liquid separation unit separates a mixed fluid into a liquid and a gas by inducing rotation of the mixed fluid introduced into the housing through the fluid inlet passage. The gas-liquid separation device further includes a flow stabilization member provided at a rear end of the gas-liquid separation unit and configured to maintain a flow state of the liquid and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation unit.

Abstract: A multi-way coolant valve and a heat pump system having the same include an external housing in which first, second and third external inlets and first, second and third external outlets are formed; and an internal housing provided rotatably inside the external housing to selectively fluidically-connect the first, second and third external inlets, and the first, second and third external outlets, and divided into two stages through which a coolant flows respectively, wherein as the internal housing rotates at a predetermined interval in a selected mode of the vehicle, the first external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet, the second external outlet, or the third external outlet, the second external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet or the second external outlet, and the third external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet, the second external outlet, or the third external outlet.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus for a vehicle, includes at least one heat exchanger configured to heat-exchange a refrigerant; at least one valve provided to selectively flow the refrigerant to the at least one heat exchanger; and a refrigerant distribution unit having a first surface on which the at least one heat exchanger and the at least one valve are provided and a second surface on which at least one flow path through which the refrigerant circulates through the at least one heat exchanger and the at least one valve is provided.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes a valve, an electrical component cooling device, a battery cooling device, an indoor heating device, an indoor cooling device, a centralized energy device, and a chiller to improve heating efficiency by regulating a temperature of a battery module by use of one chiller in which a cooler and a refrigerant exchange heat, recovers various heat sources in a heating mode of the vehicle and utilizes the recovered heat sources for indoor heating.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus for a vehicle, includes: at least one heat exchanger configured to heat-exchange a refrigerant; at least one valve provided to selectively flow the refrigerant to the at least one heat exchanger; and a refrigerant distribution unit having a first surface on which the at least one heat exchanger is mounted and a second surface on which the at least one valve is mounted, wherein the refrigerant distribution unit includes a plurality of flow paths therein to flow the refrigerant to the at least one heat exchanger according to selective operation of the at least one valve.

Abstract: A heat pump system for the vehicle includes a valve, an electrical component cooling apparatus, a battery cooling apparatus, an internal heating apparatus, an internal cooling device, a centralized energy device, and a chiller for controlling a temperature of a battery module by use of a chiller in which a coolant and a refrigerant are heat-exchanged, and for recovering and using heat from various heat sources in a heating mode of a vehicle for indoor heating to improve heating efficiency.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle adjusts a temperature of a battery module by using one chiller that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant. The thermal management system includes: a cooling apparatus for circulating a coolant in a coolant line to cool an electrical component and an oil cooler provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling apparatus for circulating the coolant to the battery module; a chiller to cause heat exchange between the coolant and a refrigerant to control a temperature of the coolant; a heater that heats an interior of the vehicle using the coolant; and a first branch line connected to the coolant line between the oil cooler and a radiator through a first valve. In particular, a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the coolant line so as to pass the coolant circulating through the cooling apparatus.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle is configured for eliminating a chiller which is separately configured, adjusting a temperature of a battery module by use of an evaporator where a coolant and a refrigerant exchange heat, and improving heating performance by use of a sub-centralized energy module together with waste heat of electrical equipment in a heating mode of the vehicle.

Abstract: A multi-way coolant valve and a heat pump system having the same include an external housing in which first, second and third external inlets and first, second and third external outlets are formed; and an internal housing provided rotatably inside the external housing to selectively fluidically-connect the first, second and third external inlets, and the first, second and third external outlets, and divided into two stages through which a coolant flows respectively, wherein as the internal housing rotates at a predetermined interval in a selected mode of the vehicle, the first external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet, the second external outlet, or the third external outlet, the second external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet or the second external outlet, and the third external inlet selectively fluidically-communicates with the first external outlet, the second external outlet, or the third external outlet.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle is configured for eliminating a chiller which is separately configured, adjusting a temperature of a battery module by use of an evaporator where a coolant and a refrigerant exchange heat, and improving heating performance by use of a sub-centralized energy module together with waste heat of electrical equipment in a heating mode of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control method of an air conditioning system for compressor protection includes, when an air conditioner turn-on request is present, determining, by a controller, whether a compressor operating condition is satisfied from a refrigerant state of an air conditioner, when the compressor operating condition is determined as being satisfied, determining, by the controller, whether the vehicle is in a state of being unattended for a long period of time using information collected from a vehicle, when the vehicle is determined as being in a state of being unattended for a long period of time, performing, by the controller, pre-run control for operating the compressor in a predetermined minimum load condition; and when a pre-run operating time for which the compressor is operated in a minimum load condition reaches a predetermined pre-run holding time, interrupting, by the controller, the pre-run control with respect to the compressor.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle, which adjusts a temperature of a battery module by using one chiller that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and a coolant and improves heating efficiency by using waste heat generated from an electrical component, includes: a cooling apparatus for circulating a coolant in a coolant line to cool at least one electrical component and an oil cooler provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling apparatus for circulating the coolant to the battery module; a chiller for heat exchanging the coolant with a refrigerant to control a temperature of the coolant; a heater that heats an interior of the vehicle using the coolant; and a first branch line, wherein a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the coolant line so as to allow the coolant circulating through the cooling apparatus pass therethrough.