Abstract: Techniques for outputting supplemental content are described. A system may receive input data corresponding to a user input, and determine and present output data responsive to the user input. After causing the output data to be presented, the system may determine supplemental content is to be presented. Based on this, the system may determine first presentation data representing first supplemental content is to be visually presented, and second presentation data representing second supplemental content is to be audibly presented. The system may use a machine learning model to determine the first supplemental content is to be presented instead of the second supplemental content. The system may thereafter cause a device to use the first presentation data to visually present the first supplemental content.

Abstract: Techniques for filtering the output of supplemental content are described. When a supplemental output system (e.g., a supplemental content system or notification system) receives supplemental content for output, the supplemental output system sends a user identifier (of the recipient user) and the supplemental content to separately implemented filtering component. The filtering component uses a machine learning (ML) model to determine a topic of the supplemental content. The filtering component determines whether the supplemental content should not be output based on the ML model-determined topic, one or more guardrail policies of the supplemental output system, and user frustration data regarding previously output supplemental content. Use of the ML model to determine the topic prevents a content publisher from surreptitiously associating supplemental content with a specific topic in an effort to bypass topic-based output guardrails.

Abstract: A system is provided for determining when supplemental content unresponsive to a user input is to be presented during a user interaction. The system determines an action, performance of which, may trigger output of supplemental content. The system may determine when, during a user interaction corresponding to performance of the action, supplemental content may be presented. The system may use constraint data indicating a device type via which the content may be presented, and a time duration during which the supplemental content may be presented. If the constraint data is satisfied, the system may determine to present the supplemental content.