Abstract: A method for obtaining a woodland substrate from the complete recycling of the materials recovered from treatment of urban solid waste is disclosed. The woodland substrate obtained by the process is also described.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method and a system for the complete recycling of municipal solid wastes with minimal environmental impact and with the exploitation of the wasted solid recovery fuel (WSRF) for the production of electric energy and/or hydrogen. Those results are achieved by means of the gasification of the WSRF in a reactor where the volatile and the inorganic components are combusted separately thus allowing contemporary the further treatment of the synthesised gas and the recovery of mineral and metallic molten granulates.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a woodland substrate from the complete recycling of the materials recovered from treatment of urban solid waste is disclosed. The woodland substrate obtained by the process is also described.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method and a system for the complete recycling of municipal solid wastes with minimal environmental impact and with the exploitation of the wasted solid recovery fuel (WSRF) for the production of electric energy and/or hydrogen. Those results are achieved by means of the gasification of the WSRF in a reactor where the volatile and the inorganic components are combusted separately thus allowing contemporary the further treatment of the synthesised gas and the recovery of mineral and metallic molten granulates.

Abstract: In a device for the aeration of composting reservoirs of biomass, each aeration mouth in the biomass being treated is supplied separately and independently from the others by means of a conduit (4) adapted to this effect. All the conduits (4) have an energy drop substantially equal to 5-20 times, preferably 8-12 times more than the energy drop of the air which traverses the biomass. Each conduit (4) is connected to the collector (5) situated outside the reservoir (1) by a closure tap (7) and is provided with a device (9) for injecting in the conduits a high pressure liquid in order to, in case of need, clear the discharge orifices when they are plugged. The conduits (4) and optionally the collector (5) are separated according to the maturity degree of the biomass, in groups having different air volume and pressure. Furthermore, the free end of each conduit (4) which terminates at the bottom (3) of the reservoir (1) acts as an aeration mouth.

Abstract: A plant for the aerobic biological transformation of organic waste materials, in which the stirring screws which control the agitation and the forward movement of the material being treated are immersed in the biomass, and thus operate actively, when moving in the direction opposite the movement of said material, while, in the opposite course, i.e., in the direction which is concurrent with the movement of the material, they are extracted from the biomass, with the axis of the stirring screws being inclined at an appropriate angle, which is preferably between 10 and 60 degrees, with respect to the vertical, with the material being moved towards the unloading area by the displacement in the loading area of the screws, which are inclined and rotating in the raising direction of the biomass.

Abstract: A processing apparatus for cutting solid refuse and for breaking open any bags in which the solid refuse is contained comprises a housing which has an inlet opening and an outlet opening; a rotary shaft mounted in the housing, the rotary shaft mounting a plurality of blade elements which include head portions with cutting edges that extend radially away from the rotary shaft, the head portions of the blade members forming spaces therebetween and being sequentially angularly oriented about the shaft; and a plurality of parallel slat blades stationarily mounted in the housing, each slat blade being aligned with a space between the head portions of the blade elements and shaped so that material fed into the inlet opening of the housing will be compacted and/or crushed and cut by the coaction of the blade element head portions and the slat blades, and then discharged from the housing outlet opening.

Abstract: Commercial waste having cardboard mixed with paper, plastic film, organic materials and other contaminants is processed through a critical sequence of operations, namely: removal of bulky materials, feeding at a selected rate, separating small contaminants, separating ferrous materials, diverting non-ferrous contaminants triterating, screening out small contaminants, separating preferably by air the cardboard, and pressing and packaging the recovered cardboard.

Abstract: A process for separating an urban waste mixture of paper and plastic film into its primary components comprising partially triturating the mixture to reduce the paper components to a small particle size ground condition while the plastic film component is generally unchanged and separating the unchanged component from the partially triturated mixture by combing same therefrom.

Abstract: An improvement in a decantation cyclone, particularly for the separation of air from material which is light and has a relatively large surface by means of a grid having relatively wide meshes rotatable about an axis which is perpendicular to the plane in which the grid itself lies. The rotation of the grid causes the gradual and continuous displacement of the grid sector from one position which is situated below the mouth of the air-drawing tubing to a rest position.

Abstract: An apparatus for breaking heterogeneous material, in particular city solid wastes which are conveyed on a endless belt conveyor (27) which passes underneath the apparatus comprising a plurality of substantially parallel and ordinately closely juxtaposed to each other blades (15) and counterblades (8), this breaking system being supported by a guiding articulated quadrilateral rod system (13, 14, 18) adapted in unison and in sequence to open and raise to close counterblades (8) under the control of hydraulic cylinders (10), while a second auxiliary system (4, 25, 37, 40) provides to raise the first system at the end of the work stroke and to lower it again just before the beginning of its working stroke.

Abstract: A plant for transforming organic substances, contained in town solid waste, into a fertilizer or compost, characterized by the fact that the plant is substantially composed of a basin which is provided with a supporting plane, of a reel which is provided with a rotary motion about its own axis and of a translation motion along the previously mentioned plane, of charging and discharging means for the material to be treated and for the treated material.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating composite waste materials composed chiefly of plastic film and paper including a conveyer for moving the composite material along a substantially horizontal path in a given direction and a reel device having a plurality of hooked members extending therefrom rotating to move the hooked members through the composite material at a portion of the horizontal path, with the hooked members moving in the same direction in which the composite material is moving while being passed therethrough. The hooked members of the reel device engage plastic film contained in the composite material to separate the plastic film therefrom.

Abstract: A device for the treatment of waste materials composed chiefly of paper and plastic film is equipped with a stellate rotor rotatably mounted within a casing of the device at a location through which the waste materials are passed. The stellate rotor is equipped with a plurality of rigid arms having ends which engage portions of the side walls of the casing to enhance recovery and separation of the paper and plastic film. Because of the rigid structure of the arms of the rotor, the ends of the arms engaging the casing side wall move along a circular path having a fixed radius. The casing side wall engaged by the ends of the arms of the rotor includes a curved portion extending from a first end thereof spaced away from the circular path of the rotor ends to a second portion which is coincident with the circular path of the rotor ends.

Abstract: In the continuous production of paper-pulp from solid urban waste, paper along with polluting elements are charged into a kneader or hydropulper. Water is added and the paper is pulped, however, the polluting elements remain and at least some of them cannot be reduced in size. In the bottom of the pulper there is a grate through which the paper-pulp and small sized elements can be removed. Larger sized elements are retained by the grate and periodically are removed through a second opening into a pipe in which flow is controlled by a cut-off valve. After periodic removal from the pulper, the larger sized elements and paper-pulp removed along with them, are directed into a separator where the paper-pulp and larger elements are separated and collected.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating urban waste materials is formed with a vertically extending duct having a waste material inlet and a suction device at the upper end of said duct with a slanted wall being provided opposite the material inlet to deflect downwardly into the duct certain portions of the waste material caused to impinge against the slanted wall. The duct inlet is formed to enable ambient air to enter the duct through the interstice of the inlet in order to impart an accelerating force to the incoming material.

Abstract: A machine for tearing open small bags containing city solid waste material and for separating out plastic film material and/or the bags, includes an endless belt conveyor which carries on the surface thereof a plurality of aculei which engage bags containing waste material placed on the surface of the conveyor belt. The belt follows a path of a first straight or rectilineal length and a second or return straight or rectilineal length.

Abstract: In handling solid urban wastes collected in plastic and/or paper bags, the bags are lacerated for exposing the waste material within them. The materials are processed to recover paper-pulp and stockfeed. In processing the material to recover stockfeed, the material is washed and separated into heavy inert components and light inert components and edible components. These lighter components are dried, loosened and passed through cyclone separators and screened to separate the edible components from the light inert components.