Abstract: A number of models are generated to simulate net carbon emissions for different physical plants. These models can be used in combination with real time data to predict carbon surplus or deficit, and to initiate suitable remedial actions. As a significant advantage, predictive simulations in this context permit physical plant operators to initiate anticipatory carbon transactions well in advance of actual shortfalls or surpluses, and to more consistently manage net carbon emissions over time.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method can include retrieving, from a data management server, a public key associated with a relying party. The method can further include encrypting and using the public key, a user profile data to define encrypted user profile data. The method can further include transmitting, via the data management server, the encrypted user profile data to a compute device associated with the relying party that (1) decrypts the encrypted user profile data using a private key corresponding to the public key to define decrypted user profile data, (2) generates a hash value of the decrypted user profile data, and (3) compares the hash value of the decrypted user profile data and a hash value of the user profile data stored in a distributed database to determine integrity of the decrypted user profile data.