Abstract: Fabric and methods of forming thick 3-D woven preforms wherein substantially orthogonal yarn systems are manipulated in each direction to provide predetermined thickness and cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: Fabric and methods of forming thick 3-D woven preforms wherein substantially orthogonal yarn systems are manipulated in each direction to provide predetermined thickness and cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: Fabric and methods of forming thick 3-D woven preforms wherein substantially orthogonal yarn systems are manipulated in each direction to provide predetermined thickness and cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: A wind blade spar cap for strengthening a wind blade including an integral, unitary three-dimensional woven material having a first end and a second end, corresponding to a root end of the blade and a tip end of the blade, wherein the material tapers in width from the first to the second end while maintaining a constant thickness and decreasing weight therebetween, the cap being capable of being affixed to the blade for providing increased strength with controlled variation in weight from the root end to the tip end based upon the tapered width of the material thereof. The present inventions also include the method of making the wind blade spar cap and a wind blade including the wind blade spar cap.

Abstract: A wind blade spar cap formed of an integral, unitary 3-D woven material having constant thickness and variable controlled weight due to tapered width from the root to tip of the wind blade.