Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to data storage and data replication. For example, a computer-implemented method includes creating, by a computing device, a mapping that associates a plurality of block identifiers with a plurality of binary combinations of data for a block size; generating from the mapping that associates the plurality of block identifiers with the plurality of binary combinations of data for the block size, by the computing device, a list of block identifiers representing a list of data blocks in a storage; sending, by the computing device, the list of block identifiers to a backup storage to replicate the list of data blocks in the storage; and storing on a computer readable storage media the mapping that associates the plurality of block identifiers with the plurality of binary combinations of data for the block size and the list of block identifiers in the storage.

Abstract: Root cause identification of a software defect includes identifying, in program code of a software feature, hedge code of the software feature based on errors induced from temporarily substituting program code of the software feature with substitute program code and obtaining an error graph for the hedge code, obtaining error logs of an application that incorporates the software feature, the error logs indicating errors with the software feature of the application, automatically generating an application error graph reflective of the errors with the software feature of the application, mapping the application error graph to the error graph for the hedge code, and based on the mapping aligning one of more errors reflected in the application error graph to error(s) reflected in the error graph for the hedge code, identifying the hedge code as inducing a root error identified in the application error graph.

Abstract: Root cause identification of a software defect includes identifying, in program code of a software feature, hedge code of the software feature based on errors induced from temporarily substituting program code of the software feature with substitute program code and obtaining an error graph for the hedge code, obtaining error logs of an application that incorporates the software feature, the error logs indicating errors with the software feature of the application, automatically generating an application error graph reflective of the errors with the software feature of the application, mapping the application error graph to the error graph for the hedge code, and based on the mapping aligning one of more errors reflected in the application error graph to error(s) reflected in the error graph for the hedge code, identifying the hedge code as inducing a root error identified in the application error graph.