Abstract: Provided is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during acetabular cup replacement surgery, comprising: a patient-specific template having at least one surface that registers with a selected surface of the patient's acetabulum; and a guide portion that provides an orientation or a position and orientation of an acetabular cup according to a preoperatively planned orientation or position and orientation. The guidance tool may further comprise a verification tool that cooperates with the guide portion and includes at least one mating surface that registers with a selected surface of the patient's anatomy, wherein correct positioning of the verification tool on the patient's anatomy confirms correct orientation of the patient-specific template in the patient's acetabulum.

Abstract: Presented is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during bone or joint surgery wherein the guidance tool is specific to the anatomy of the patient being treated. The guidance tool comprises a body portion, a mating surface provided on the body portion for positioning the guidance tool on a corresponding registration surface of a patient's anatomy. The guidance tool further comprises at least one guide mechanism provided on the body portion for guiding a medical instrument at one or more preoperatively defined trajectories relative to a patient's anatomy. In the event of misalignment, the at least one guide mechanism is adjustable to alter the one or more preoperatively defined trajectories if necessary during intraoperative use. Also presented is a preoperative process for designing the guidance tool.

Abstract: Presented is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during bone or joint surgery wherein the guidance tool is specific to the anatomy of the patient being treated. The guidance tool comprises a body portion, a mating surface provided on the body portion for positioning the guidance tool on a corresponding registration surface of a patient's anatomy. The guidance tool further comprises at least one guide mechanism provided on the body portion for guiding a medical instrument at one or more preoperatively defined trajectories relative to a patient's anatomy. In the event of misalignment, the at least one guide mechanism is adjustable to alter the one or more preoperatively defined trajectories if necessary during intraoperative use. Also presented is a preoperative process for designing the guidance tool.

Abstract: Presented is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during bone or joint surgery wherein the guidance tool is specific to the anatomy of the patient being treated. The guidance tool comprises a body portion, a mating surface provided on the body portion for positioning the guidance tool on a corresponding registration surface of a patient's anatomy. The guidance tool further comprises at least one guide mechanism provided on the body portion for guiding a medical instrument at one or more preoperatively defined trajectories relative to a patient's anatomy. In the event of misalignment, the at least one guide mechanism is adjustable to alter the one or more preoperatively defined trajectories if necessary during intraoperative use. Also presented is a preoperative process for designing the guidance tool.

Abstract: Provided is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during acetabular cup replacement surgery, comprising: a patient-specific template having at least one surface that registers with a selected surface of the patient's acetabulum; and a guide portion that provides an orientation or a position and orientation of an acetabular cup according to a preoperatively planned orientation or position and orientation. The guidance tool may further comprise a verification tool that cooperates with the guide portion and includes at least one mating surface that registers with a selected surface of the patient's anatomy, wherein correct positioning of the verification tool on the patient's anatomy confirms correct orientation of the patient-specific template in the patient's acetabulum.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining placement of prosthetic components in joint including defining patient-specific frame of reference for joint, determining patient-specific postoperative range of motion of joint, evaluating patient-specific range of motion of joint, automatically planning placement of components balancing need for range of motion with prosthesis stability through bony coverage, and applying manual adjustments to the automatically planned placement of component by giving greater or lesser weight to need for range of motion or prosthesis stability through bony coverage. Apparatuses for defining center of prosthetic femoral head and axis of prosthetic femoral neck including primary cylinder, first alignment receptacle and second alignment receptacle, and a divot on exterior of primary cylinder, divot having normal parallel to longitudinal axis of second alignment receptacle and position of the divot being translated toward an opening of the first alignment receptacle on the primary cylinder.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining placement of prosthetic components in joint including defining patient-specific frame of reference for joint, determining patient-specific postoperative range of motion of joint, evaluating patient-specific range of motion of joint, automatically planning placement of components balancing need for range of motion with prosthesis stability through bony coverage, and applying manual adjustments to the automatically planned placement of component by giving greater or lesser weight to need for range of motion or prosthesis stability through bony coverage. Apparatuses for defining center of prosthetic femoral head and axis of prosthetic femoral neck including primary cylinder, first alignment receptacle and second alignment receptacle, and a divot on exterior of primary cylinder, divot having normal parallel to longitudinal axis of second alignment receptacle and position of the divot being translated toward an opening of the first alignment receptacle on the primary cylinder.

Abstract: Presented is a preoperatively designed guidance tool for intraoperative use during bone or joint surgery wherein the guidance tool is specific to the anatomy of the patient being treated. The guidance tool comprises a body portion, a mating surface provided on the body portion for positioning the guidance tool on a corresponding registration surface of a patient's anatomy. The guidance tool further comprises at least one guide mechanism provided on the body portion for guiding a medical instrument at one or more preoperatively defined trajectories relative to a patient's anatomy. In the event of misalignment, the at least one guide mechanism is adjustable to alter the one or more preoperatively defined trajectories if necessary during intraoperative use. Also presented is a preoperative process for designing the guidance tool.

Abstract: A multicomponent kit for coloring and later removing color from fibers is described, which consists of a first component and a second component. The first component includes a composition for oxidative dyeing of hair and the second component includes an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic composition for reductive removal of color from dyed hair. The composition for reductive removal of color from hair has a pH of from 1.8 to 6 and is in the form of a gel, cream, emulsion, foam or solution. It contains from 1 to 50% by weight of one or more reductones, advantageously ascorbic and/or isoascorbic acid or salts thereof, and, in addition to the reductones, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more thiols or a combination of from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more thiols and from 0.001 to 5% by weight of one or more sulfites. It also includes one or more pH adjusting agents and standard cosmetic additive ingredients.

Abstract: The method for decolorizing fibers includes applying a decolorizing composition according to the invention to dyed fibers and allowing the composition to act on the fibers for a sufficient time to remove dyed color from the dyed fibers. The decolorizing composition for fibers dyed with an oxidation hair dye composition and/or direct-dyeing hair dye compounds contains a combination of one or more .alpha.-oxo-carboxylic acids and/or physiologically compatible .alpha.-oxocarboxylic acid salts with at least one reductone, or with at least one reductone and at least one thiol compound, or with at least one reductone and at least one sulfite compound, or with at least one reductone and at least one thiol compound and at least one sulfite compound. A multi-part kit for repeatedly dyeing and subsequently decolorizing fibers, especially human hair, contains both a dye composition for dyeing the fibers and the above-described composition for reductive decolorizing of the dyed fibers.

Abstract: The composition for oxidative dyeing of keratin fibers has a pH of from 6 to 9.5 and contains a developer/coupler combination, an oxygen-oxidoreductase/substrate system and a peroxidase. The coupler substance includes a substituted m-phenylenediamine of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkoxy group, an unsubstituted alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkoxy group; and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are each, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, another unsubstituted C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl group, an unsubstituted C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -ether group having at most two oxygen atoms, another C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkoxy group substituent or an ether group substituted with a hydroxy group, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.