Abstract: The present invention is a composition and method of using the composition to neutralize or eliminate odors on a surface. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citrate salts and a surfactant that may further comprise a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufficient volume to saturate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multi-valent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous aqueous solution or may be used to coat an absorbent matrix that is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a chemical formulation and method of using the chemical formulation to neutralize or eliminate odors on a surface. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citrate salts and a surfactant that may further comprise a fragrance and/or a color and/or a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufficient volume to saturate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multi-valent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous aqueous solution or may be used to coat an absorbent matrix that is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a chemical formulation and method of using the chemical formulation to neutralize or eliminate odors on a surface. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citrate salts and a surfactant that may further comprise a fragrance and/or a color and/or a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufficient volume to saturate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multi-valent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous aqueous solution or may be used to coat an absorbent matrix that is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a chemical formulation and method of using the chemical formulation to neutralize or eliminate odors on a surface. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citrate salts and a surfactant that may further comprise a fragrance and/or a color and/or a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufficient volume to saturate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multi-valent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous aqueous solution or may be used to coat an absorbent matrix that is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a chemical formulation and method of using the chemical formulation to neutralize or eliminate odors on a surface. In one aspect, the chemical formulation is an aqueous solution of multi-valent citrate salts and a surfactant that may further comprise a fragrance and/or a color and/or a chelating agent. The method comprises the steps of applying this formulation in sufficient volume to saturate the surface thereby neutralizing or eliminating the odor. In another aspect, the formulation of multi-valent citrate salts may be applied in solid form to an odorous aqueous solution or may be used to coat an absorbent matrix that is expected to receive an odorous aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for the electronic publication and distribution of customized educational materials comprises an educator compiling a set of customized educational course materials from selected segments of educational works stored in an educational materials database of available materials (150-180), and indexing the set of customized educational course materials in an electronic database where it is available for purchase in an electronic format by students (270, 277). Copyright infringement is discouraged by providing the educator the option of electronic testing and grading of only those students that have purchased the educational materials. Hence, only such students are eligible to receive a grade in the class (265, 280). The customized educational course materials are easily updated without the publisher incurring traditional printing and distribution costs, simultaneously reducing the time to market for new editions of educational materials.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing electrochemical experiments in a laboratory for teaching the principles thereof is disclosed. The apparatus includes a holder unit, having a plurality of fluid-receiving recesses, and ion-conductive elements or substances, formed from a plant material having sufficient capillary action to permit ion travel therethrough. One recess receives an electrolytic solution, any remaining two recesses receive metallic salt solutions, and an ion-conductive substance is placed to extend from immersion in each salt solution to the electrolyte solution, forming in conjunction with the electrolytic solution an ion-conducting electrolyte bridge. Thin strips of a metal element are partially immersed in each reactant solution to initiate oxidation-reduction reactions, creating dissimilar electrodes forming a galvanic cell.