Abstract: Disclosed is a metal gradient-doped cathode material for lithium ion batteries including a hexagonal-crystalline material body and a modifying metal. The metal gradient-doped cathode material is formed by coating modifying metal hydroxide on the surface of the hexagonal-crystalline material using a chemical co-precipitation method, then sintering the modifying metal hydroxide coated hexagonal-crystalline material. The modifying metal is different from the active metals, more concentrated on the surface, and gradually decreases toward the core of particle. A gradient-doped distribution is formed without any boundary or layered structure in the particle. The surface of the powder with more the modifying metal can effectively reduce the reactivity of the cathode material with the electrolyte in the lithium battery.

Abstract: A lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide cathode material includes a plurality of secondary particles. Each secondary particle consists of aggregates of fine primary particles. Each secondary particle includes lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide, which is expressed as LiaNi1-b-cCobMncO2. An average formula of each secondary particle satisfies one condition of 0.9?a?1.2, 0.08?b?0.34, 0.1?c?0.4, and 0.18?b+c?0.67. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide has a structure with different chemical compositions of primary particles from the surface toward core of each of the secondary particles. The primary particle with rich Mn content near the surface and the primary particle with rich Ni content in the core of the secondary particle of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide cathode material have provided the advantages of high safety and high capacity.

Abstract: An electrode structure of a vanadium redox flow battery is disclosed, which includes a proton-exchange membrane, two graphite papers, two graphite felt units, two pads, two graphite polar plates, two metal plates and a lock-fixing device which are symmetrically stacked in sequence from center to outside. wherein each graphite polar plate has the flow channels with a grooved structure, and each graphite felt unit is embedded in the flow channels of one of the graphite polar plates, and then the graphite felt units are covered by the graphite papers such that the different electrolytes flow in their corresponding flow channels. The storage tanks of vanadium electrolyte are connected through the connection pipelines, and the redox reaction is performed through the flows of the vanadium electrolyte. The electrode structure of the vanadium redox flow battery can be stacked for forming a large-scale electrode structure to increase the electrical power.

Abstract: A lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide cathode material includes a plurality of secondary particles. Each secondary particle consists of aggregates of fine primary particles. Each secondary particle includes lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide, which is expressed as LiaNi1-bCobO2. An average chemical formula of each secondary particle satisfies one condition of 0.9?a?1.2, 0.1?b?0.5. The lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide has a structure with different chemical compositions of primary particles from the surface toward core of each of the secondary particles. The primary particle with rich Co content near the surface and the primary particle with rich Ni content in the core of secondary particle of the lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide cathode material have provided the advantages of high safety and high capacity.

Abstract: A lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide cathode material includes a plurality of secondary particles. Each secondary particle consists of aggregates of fine primary particles. Each secondary particle includes lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide, which is expressed as LiaNi1?b?cCobMncO2. An average formula of each secondary particle satisfies one condition of 0.9?a?1.2, 0.08?b?0.34, 0.1?c?0.4, and 0.18?b+c?0.67. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide has a structure with different chemical compositions of primary particles from the surface toward core of each of the secondary particles. The primary particle with rich Mn content near the surface and the primary particle with rich Ni content in the core of the secondary particle of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide cathode material have provided the advantages of high safety and high capacity.

Abstract: An electrode structure of a vanadium redox flow battery is disclosed, which includes a proton-exchange membrane, two graphite papers, two graphite felt units, two pads, two graphite polar plates, two metal plates and a lock-fixing device which are symmetrically stacked in sequence from center to outside. wherein each graphite polar plate has the flow channels with a grooved structure, and each graphite felt unit is embedded in the flow channels of one of the graphite polar plates, and then the graphite felt units are covered by the graphite papers such that the different electrolytes flow in their corresponding flow channels. The storage tanks of vanadium electrolyte are connected through the connection pipelines, and the redox reaction is performed through the flows of the vanadium electrolyte. The electrode structure of the vanadium redox flow battery can be stacked for forming a large-scale electrode structure to increase the electrical power.

Abstract: A cathode material particle comprising a plurality of cathode material cores and each cathode material core having plurality of grains and each grain being uniformly covered with a nano-metal oxide layer, wherein a thickness of the nano-metal oxide layer is 1 nm to 100 nm. The cathode material has excellent safety (good thermal stability), high-capacity, good cycleability and high-rate charging or discharging capability.

Abstract: A cathode material particle comprising a plurality of cathode material cores and each cathode material core having plurality of grains and each grain being uniformly covered with a nano-metal oxide layer, wherein a thickness of the nano-metal oxide layer is 1 nm to 100 nm. The cathode material has excellent safety (good thermal stability), high-capacity, good cycleability and-high-rate charging or discharging capability.

Abstract: Cathode material particles with nano-metal oxide layers on the surface, each cathode material particle includes a cathode material core and a nano-metal oxide layer surrounding the cathode material core. The thickness of the nano-metal oxide layer is of 10 nm to 100 nm. The cathode material has excellent safety, high-capacity, good cycleability and high-rate charging or discharging capability. A method for manufacturing the cathode material particles comprises soaking the cathode material cores in a surface improving agent containing metal salt, drying the surface improving agent to deposit the metal salt on the cores and sintering the cores with lithium hydroxide to form the nano-metal oxide layer on the surface around the core. Thereby, the cathode material particles are formed.

Abstract: A uniform composite nanofiber includes a tubular first nanofiber, and a second nanofiber formed inside or outside the first nanofiber. The first nanofiber is first formed within a plurality of nano-scale pores of a template placed on a current collector, and then the second nanofiber is formed on inner or outer surface of the first nanofiber, and the template is removed afterwards for obtaining the composite nanofiber.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating one-dimensional composite nanofiber on a template membrane with porous array by chemical or physical process are disclosed. The whole procedures are established under a base concept of “secondary template”. First of all, tubular first nanofibers are grown up in the pores of the template membrane. Next, by using the hollow first nanofibers as the secondary templates, second nanofibers are produced therein. Finally, the template membrane is removed to obtain composite nanofibers. Showing superior performance in weight energy density, current discharge efficiency and irreversible capacity, the composite nanofibers are applied to extensive scopes like thin-film battery, hydrogen storage, molecular sieving, biosensor and catalyst support in addition to applications in lithium batteries.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating one-dimensional composite nanofiber on a template membrane with porous array by chemical or physical process are disclosed. The whole procedures are established under a base concept of “secondary template”. First of all, tubular first nanofibers are grown up in the pores of the template membrane. Next, by using the hollow first nanofibers as the secondary templates, second nanofibers are produced therein. Finally, the template membrane is removed to obtain composite nanofibers. Showing superior performance in weight energy density, current discharge efficiency and irreversible capacity, the composite nanofibers are applied to extensive scopes like thin-film battery, hydrogen storage, molecular sieving, biosensor and catalyst support except applications in lithium batteries.