Abstract: A high-efficiency, low-energy consumption and environmental-friendly recycling technology for PETE plastic waste is disclosed. The degradation of PETE plastic waste includes a method for attacking the —O— ester linkage in the repeat unit of PETE plastic with water in saturated pressure and CO2 in supercritical (Sc) conditions.

Abstract: A high-efficiency, low-energy consumption and environmental-friendly recycling technology for PETE plastic waste is disclosed. The degradation of PETE plastic waste includes a method for attacking the —O— ester linkage in the repeat unit of PETE plastic with water in saturated pressure and CO2 in supercritical (Sc) conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the recovery and extraction of rare earth elements. More specifically, embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods for separating rare earth elements from coal, coal by-product(s), and/or coal-derived product(s). In an embodiment, a method of removing rare earth elements from a coal-derived product is provided. The method generally includes introducing supercritical CO2 to the coal ash to form a first mixture, introducing a first acid to the first mixture to form a second mixture, and removing a first composition from the second mixture, the first composition comprising the one or more rare earth elements.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to compositions for CO2 absorption, desorption, and/or capture and processes for making such compositions. Embodiments described herein also generally relate to processes for CO2 absorption, CO2 desorption, and/or CO2 capture. In an embodiment, a composition for absorbing or desorbing CO2 is provided. The composition includes an organic amine. the composition further includes a carbon organic framework, an ion thereof, or combinations thereof, the carbon organic framework comprising a plurality of carboxylic acids. In another embodiment, a process for capturing CO2 from a gas stream is also provided. The process includes introducing the gas stream with a composition described herein under absorption conditions, the gas stream comprising CO2. The process further includes forming a CO2-enriched composition.

Abstract: A transformational energy efficient technology using ionic liquid (IL) to couple with monoethanolamine (MEA) for catalytic CO2 capture is disclosed. [EMmim+][NTF2?] based catalysts are rationally synthesized and used for CO2 capture with MEA. A catalytic CO2 capture mechanism is disclosed according to experimental and computational studies on the [EMmim+][NTF2?] for the reversible CO2 sorption and desorption.

Abstract: A transformational energy efficient technology using ionic liquid (IL) to couple with monoethanolamine (MEA) for catalytic CO2 capture is disclosed. [EMmim+][NTF2?] based catalysts are rationally synthesized and used for CO2 capture with MEA. A catalytic CO2 capture mechanism is disclosed according to experimental and computational studies on the [EMmim+][NTF2?] for the reversible CO2 sorption and desorption.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the recovery and extraction of rare earth elements. More specifically, embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods for separating rare earth elements from coal, coal by-product(s), and/or coal-derived product(s). In an embodiment, a method of removing rare earth elements from a coal-derived product is provided. The method generally includes introducing supercritical CO2 to the coal ash to form a first mixture, introducing a first acid to the first mixture to form a second mixture, and removing a first composition from the second mixture, the first composition comprising the one or more rare earth elements.

Abstract: A high-efficiency, low-energy consumption and environmental-friendly recycling technology for PETE plastic waste is disclosed. The degradation of PETE plastic waste includes a method for attacking the —O— ester linkage in the repeat unit of PETE plastic with water in saturated pressure and CO2 in supercritical (Sc) conditions.

Abstract: A clean and low-cost approach for reusing waste residual from coal utilization and sandstone powder is disclosed. The coal waste residual may be produced from any thermal, solvent extraction or combination process. For example, a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of beta-silicon carbide (?-SiC) using, for example, the residual of Powder River Basin (PRB) coal extraction derived from ethanol and supercritical CO2 (EtOH-SCC) extraction combined with natural sandstone.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to a composite carbonate utilized as a catalyst in coal gasification processes. Methods described herein also include suitable processing conditions for performing coal gasification with the composite catalyst. In certain embodiments the composite catalyst may comprise an alkali carbonate and a transition metal carbonate, for example, an FeCO3—Na2CO3 catalyst. An FeCO3—Na2CO3 catalyst, compared to raw coal, may increase the carbon conversion rate by about two times within the 700° C.-800° C. range due to its ability to reduce the activation energy of gasification by about 30-40%. Compared to pure sodium and pure iron catalysts, the composite catalyst may increase the yields of desired products H2 and CO at 800° C. by 14.8% and 40.2%, respectively.

Abstract: A highly effective catalyst for the preparation of diethyl oxalate using carbon monoxide using Pd/?-Al2O3 and CeO2 as a promoter. High conversion rates with greatly extended catalyst life is achieved with the CeO2-enhanced Pd catalysts. The catalysts can be used for the production of high-value diethyl oxalate, and eventually ethylene glycol, from coal-derived syngas.

Abstract: The invention relates to CeO2 and La2O3 for catalyzing Fe2O3—Al2O3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH4 with CO2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH4 (CH4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO2 and La2O3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe2O3—Al2O3 toward CH4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO2 splitting.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to iron carbonate utilized as a catalyst in coal gasification processes. An FeCO3 catalyst is active in both pyrolysis and gasification operations, and may increase carbon conversion rate and reduce the activation energy of coal gasification. Methods described herein also include suitable processing conditions for performing coal gasification with the FeCO3 catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to hydrogenation catalysts, syntheses of hydrogenation catalysts, and apparatus and methods for hydrogenation. Methods for forming a hydrogenation catalyst may include mixing a silica generating precursor with a copper precursor and adding an ammonium salt to an end pH of between about 5 to about 9. Methods for hydrogenating an oxalate may include forming a reaction mixture by flowing a hydrogenation catalyst to a reactor, flowing a hydrogen source to the reactor, and flowing an oxalate to the reactor, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst has a particle size between about 10 nm to about 40 nm. Methods may further include reacting the oxalate to form ethylene glycol.

Abstract: The invention relates to CeO2 and La2O3 for catalyzing Fe2O3—Al2O3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH4 with CO2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH4 (CH4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO2 and La2O3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe2O3—Al2O3 toward CH4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO2 splitting.

Abstract: The invention relates to CeO2 and La2O3 for catalyzing Fe2O3—Al2O3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH4 with CO2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH4 (CH4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO2 and La2O3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe2O3—Al2O3 toward CH4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO2 splitting.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to apparatus and methods for reducing CO2 from flue gas. Methods may include performing a chemisorption process in a first reactor comprising using at least a chemisorption solution comprising a sorbent. Methods may also include performing a desorption process treating the chemisorption solution with a powdered desorption catalyst after the chemisorption process has been performed.

Abstract: A method for removing elements, including heavy metals, from fly ash and from fly ash resulting from removal of SOx/NOx from flue gas using Na2CO3/NaHCO3/trona, is described. An aqueous suspension of the fly ash and/or a solution of the leachate from the fly ash is treated with dissolved ferrous compounds, such as FeSO4.7H2O and/or FeCl2.4H2O, at a chosen initial acidic pH, and the precipitation of the ferrous ions as the solution basifies sequesters the trace elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to CeO2 and La2O3 for catalyzing Fe2O3—Al2O3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH4 with CO2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH4 (CH4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO2 and La2O3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe2O3—Al2O3 toward CH4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO2 splitting.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a bi-directional reactor and supported amine sorbent, and more particularly to a method and system for carbon dioxide sequestration utilizing a bi-directional reactor and monoethenalamine (MEA) on a substrate. The bi-directional reactor is configured to reclaim the sorbent material as the sorbent is immobilized during the sorption phase, but is mobilized during desorption phased. The immobilized sorbent reacts with the desired contaminate to absorb and is transported to another reactor during desorption phase, thereby permitting reclamation of the sorbent.