Abstract: A modular control system for controlling an AGV includes an interface, a processor, a memory, and a plurality of programs. The plurality of programs include a task scheduling module, a sensor fusion module, a mapping module, and a localization module. The interface receives a command signal from an AGV management system and sensor signals from a plurality of sensors. The memory stores a surrounding map and the plurality of programs to be executed by the processor. The task scheduling module converts the command signal to generate an enabling signal. The sensor fusion module processes the received sensor signals according to the enabling signal and generates an organized sensor data. The mapping module processes the organized sensor data and the surrounding map to generate an updated surrounding map. The localization module processes the organized sensor data and the updated surrounding map to generate a location and pose signal.