Abstract: Processes for forming carbon disulfide from a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide. A gaseous stream comprising lower molecular weight alkanes and hydrogen sulfide may be contacted with sufficient bromine at a temperature of from about 250° C. to about 530° C. to convert substantially all of said hydrogen sulfide to carbon disulfide. The gaseous stream may contain from about 0.001 to about 20 mol % hydrogen sulfide. The molar ratio of bromine to hydrogen sulfide may be about 2:1.

Abstract: A method is provided for vaporizing a liquid elemental halogen. A heating gas is preheated in the absence of halogen to a preheat temperature which results in a preheated heating gas. The preheated heating gas is directly contacted with a feed of a liquid elemental halogen and heats the feed to a vaporizing temperature sufficient to vaporize at least a portion of the feed to a quantity of an elemental halogen vapor. A gas mixture results which includes the heating gas and the quantity of the elemental halogen vapor.

Abstract: Processes and systems that include use of a packed wet oxidation reactor for oxidizing aqueous metal bromide salts in a bromine-based process for converting lower molecular weight alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. A stream comprising a dissolved metal bromide salt may be oxidized in a wet oxidation reactor comprising a packed section to produce at least a partially oxidized liquid stream comprising oxidized products of the metal bromide salt and a gaseous bromine stream comprising elemental bromine.

Abstract: Process and system that include the conversion of alkyl bromides to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in circulating catalyst reactor-regenerator systems. Alkyl bromides may be reacted over a catalyst in at least one conversion reactor to produce at least an effluent stream comprising higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrogen bromide. A portion of the catalyst may be removed from the conversion reactor. The portion of the catalyst may be contacted with a stripping gas to displace hydrocarbons from the portion of the catalyst. The portion of the catalyst may be contacted a first inert gas. The portion of the catalyst may be contacted with oxygen to form a regenerated catalyst by removal of coke. The regenerated catalyst may be contacted with a second inert gas. At least a portion of the regenerated catalyst may be introduced into the conversion reactor.

Abstract: Processes and systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon products, such as high molecular weight hydrocarbons, olefins or mixtures thereof, from alkyl bromides wherein one or more streams of alkyl bromides may be reacted in sequential or concurrent stages at different temperatures. The catalyst used in the synthesis stages may be the same or different and at least in one instance is chosen to form hydrocarbon products having a significant C6+ paraffin content. The stages may be conducted in one or more reactors and the catalyst may be deployed in fixed beds or fluidized beds.

Abstract: Process and systems for alkane bromination and, in one or more embodiments, to separate, parallel methane and higher alkanes bromination in a bromine-based process. An embodiment discloses a bromine-based process for converting alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons that includes alkanes bromination, the process comprising: brominating a methane stream comprising methane and having less than about 2 mol % of ethane to form methane bromination products comprising brominated methane and a first fraction of hydrogen bromide; separately brominating a C2+ alkane stream comprising an alkane having 2 or more carbon atoms to form C2+ methane bromination products comprising brominated alkanes having 2 or more carbon atoms and a second fraction of hydrogen bromide; and catalytically reacting at least a portion of the brominated methane and the brominated alkanes to form higher molecular hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a process for converting gaseous alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, olefins or mixtures thereof wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes may be reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid then may be reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as a ZSM-5 or an X or Y type zeolite, at a temperature of from about 250° C. to about 500° C. so as to form hydrobromic acid vapor and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, olefins or mixtures thereof. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrobromic acid vapor from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, olefins or mixtures thereof and to generate bromine from the hydrobromic acid for use in the process.