Abstract: A plant growth monitoring system comprises an image capture system for capturing images over time of a plant being monitored. The images are used to derive successive time instants corresponding to predetermined growth states of the plant. A temperature exposure parameter is obtained between the successive time instants, based on a monitored temperature vs. time function. Information relating to a plant health is derived from the temperature exposure parameter.

Abstract: A pollution estimation system (100) for estimating pollution level caused by exhaust gas of motor vehicles is provided. The system comprises an acoustic sensor interface (110) arranged to obtain use-data from an acoustic sensor comprising an audio sample of a motor vehicle sound and a trained exhaust gas model unit (120) arranged to receive as input the audio sample of the use-data and to apply a trained exhaust gas model to the received audio sample to produce an estimated pollution level associated with the received audio sample. The trained exhaust gas model has been obtained by training an exhaust gas model on multiple training items using a machine learning algorithm, the multiple training items comprising multiple audio samples of motor vehicle sounds obtained from one or more acoustic sensors and associated pollution levels.

Abstract: For ensuring reliability of data transmission in a wireless mesh network, while reducing the data overhead of the transmissions, a node for a wireless mesh network and a method of controlling the same are provided, wherein the node is configured to decide about retransmission of a message received from a transmitting node, based on whether the transmitting node has at least one layout element of a layout plan in common with the node, at least one of the layout elements of the layout plan being associated with the node.

Abstract: A device (100) for and a method of determining a length of a history of instances of a first type of data are provided. The device comprises a second data set unit (104), a first data set unit (102), a first conditional entropy unit (106), a threshold unit (108), and a length determining unit (114). The first data set unit, the second data set unit and the threshold unit obtain input data. The first conditional entropy unit determines a first conditional entropy for a second data set given a first data set. The determining unit searches for a length of the relevant history by determining a smallest length for sequences of a reduced first set of data for which a second conditional entropy for the second set of data, given the reduced first set of data, is within a maximum entropy increase threshold from the first conditional entropy.

Abstract: A data reduction device (150) for and a method of reducing a data set based on a subset of variables from a set of variables are provided. Instances of the plurality of variables comprise information to predict an instance of a further type of data. The device comprises a first data set unit (102), a second data set unit (104), a searching unit (110) and a data reduction unit (152). The first data set unit obtains a first set comprising tuples of instances of data. The second data set unit obtains a second set comprising instances of the further type of data. Each instance of the second set corresponds to one of the tuples of the first set. The searching unit obtains a reduced set of variables that represents an at least local optimum of an optimization function being a combination of a first mutual information value between the reduced first set and the second set and a penalty value being based on a number of variables in the reduced set of variables.

Abstract: A device (100) for and method of determining clusters of sequences of instances of a first type of data for compacting a data set comprising sequences of instances of the first type of data is provided. Also a method of compacting a data set, a method of transmitting compacted data and a computer program product are provided. In a sequence clustering unit (110) of the device, sequences of a first set of data are clustered on basis of conditional probabilities. Each unique sequence of the first set of data is associated with one or more conditional probabilities that an instance of the second set of data has a specific value given the unique sequence. In the clustering a significant part of the mutual information between the first set of data and the second set of data is maintained.

Abstract: In order to increase transmission reliability and transmission efficiency in the presence of interference at a transmitting or receiving node of a wireless network a device for controlling the node of the wireless network is provided, wherein the node is associated to at least one load unit. The device comprises a control unit that is adapted to adjust a communication mode of the node based on an operation state of the load unit.

Abstract: A device (100) for and method of determining clusters of sequences of instances of a first type of data for compacting a data set comprising sequences of instances of the first type of data is provided. Also a method of compacting a data set, a method of transmitting compacted data and a computer program product are provided. In a sequence clustering unit (110) of the device, sequences of a first set of data are clustered on basis of conditional probabilities. Each unique sequence of the first set of data is associated with one or more conditional probabilities that an instance of the second set of data has a specific value given the unique sequence. In the clustering a significant part of the mutual information between the first set of data and the second set of data is maintained.

Abstract: A data reduction device (150) for and a method of reducing a data set based on a subset of variables from a set of variables are provided. Instances of the plurality of variables comprise information to predict an instance of a further type of data. The device comprises a first data set unit (102), a second data set unit (104), a searching unit (110) and a data reduction unit (152). The first data set unit obtains a first set comprising tuples of instances of data. The second data set unit obtains a second set comprising instances of the further type of data. Each instance of the second set corresponds to one of the tuples of the first set. The searching unit obtains a reduced set of variables that represents an at least local optimum of an optimization function being a combination of a first mutual information value between the reduced first set and the second set and a penalty value being based on a number of variables in the reduced set of variables.

Abstract: A system for detecting localized ground position changes makes use of plurality of lighting units, each fixed to the ground. Each lighting unit comprises a positioning system and a transmitter for transmitting positioning information to a remote central processing unit. The positioning information from the plurality of fixed lighting units is processed to identify local ground position changes. The infrastructure of a networked lighting system in this way enables ground information to be determined, for example for detecting ground movement in response to natural events or man-made activities (such as tunneling, building, extraction of natural resources etc.).

Abstract: A device (100) for and a method of determining a length of a history of instances of a first type of data are provided. The device comprises a second data set unit (104), a first data set unit (102), a first conditional entropy unit (106), a threshold unit (108), and a length determining unit (114). The first data set unit, the second data set unit and the threshold unit obtain input data. The first conditional entropy unit determines a first conditional entropy for a second data set given a first data set. The determining unit searches for a length of the relevant history by determining a smallest length for sequences of a reduced first set of data for which a second conditional entropy for the second set of data, given the reduced first set of data, is within a maximum entropy increase threshold from the first conditional entropy.

Abstract: For improving the protection of a network against denial of service attacks and other hostile attacks, while keeping the operation of the network simple and efficient and considering restricted capacities of single network nodes, a control unit, a system and a method for operating a network with a plurality of nodes are provided, wherein at least one operation parameter of at least one node is adjusted based on a current network phase and a data packet received by the node (10) is processed based on the operation parameter.

Abstract: The invention proposes an improvement to increase the speed at which a Trickle algorithm can propagate update information in a multi-hop network, while still controlling the number of redundant transmissions and ensuring scalability of the algorithm. It does this by intelligently adapting the size of a listen-only period (t1, t2), depending on the fact if a node has recently received an update or not.

Abstract: A system for detecting localized ground position changes makes use of plurality of lighting units, each fixed to the ground. Each lighting unit comprises a positioning system and a transmitter for transmitting positioning information to a remote central processing unit. The positioning information from the plurality of fixed lighting units is processed to identify local ground position changes. The infrastructure of a networked lighting system in this way enables ground information to be determined, for example for detecting ground movement in response to natural events or man-made activities (such as tunneling, building, extraction of natural resources etc.).

Abstract: A pollution estimation system (100) for estimating pollution level caused by exhaust gas of motor vehicles is provided. The system comprises an acoustic sensor interface (110) arranged to obtain use-data from an acoustic sensor comprising an audio sample of a motor vehicle sound and a trained exhaust gas model unit (120) arranged to receive as input the audio sample of the use-data and to apply a trained exhaust gas model to the received audio sample to produce an estimated pollution level associated with the received audio sample. The trained exhaust gas model has been obtained by training an exhaust gas model on multiple training items using a machine learning algorithm, the multiple training items comprising multiple audio samples of motor vehicle sounds obtained from one or more acoustic sensors and associated pollution levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of a communication node communicating in a network comprising a plurality of nodes, said nodes belonging to at least one virtual network, wherein the method comprises the communication node identifying whether a first data packet belongs to said virtual network based on at least one of:—a cryptographic key used for the data packet;—a cryptographic key identifier present in the first data packet;—a Personal Area Network identifier present in the first data packet; or the combination of a cryptographic key and a sender IP address used for the first data packet.

Abstract: For ensuring reliability of data transmission in a wireless mesh network, while reducing the data overhead of the transmissions, a node for a wireless mesh network and a method of controlling the same are provided, wherein the node is configured to decide about retransmission of a message received from a transmitting node, based on whether the transmitting node has at least one layout element of a layout plan in common with the node, at least one of the layout elements of the layout plan being associated with the node.

Abstract: The invention proposes an improvement to increase the speed at which a Trickle algorithm can propagate update information in a multi-hop network, while still controlling the number of redundant transmissions and ensuring scalability of the algorithm. It does this by intelligently adapting the size of a listen-only period (t1, t2), depending on the fact if a node has recently received an update or not.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a lighting system, the lighting system being arranged as a wireless network comprising a controller and a plurality of operating nodes arranged to communicate with each other, wherein the method comprises the steps of synchronizing the operating nodes with the controller, determining, from the plurality of operating nodes, a set of operating nodes that are located within a predetermined operating area, estimating a state-shift delay based on a maximum communication delay between the controller and the set of operating nodes located within the predetermined operating area, communicating the estimated state-shift delay to the plurality of operating nodes, and communicating a state-shift command to the plurality of operating nodes.

Abstract: For secure configuration of network nodes from a backend with low connectivity requirements and workload at the backend and reduced communication overhead, a system, a control unit for a segment controller and a method for secure protocol execution in a network are provided, wherein protocol information is provided to a segment controller (60) for controlling a node (10) and a protocol is performed based on the protocol information to control the node (10), at least one response message of the node (10) being required at the segment controller (60) for performing one or more steps of the protocol.