Abstract: An apparatus (10) makes easier, simpler and quicker the obtention of a sample of materials for physical and/or chemical testing. The apparatus (10) comprises a housing (24) containing a ram (18), the housing (24) having an anvil end (22) and a cutting end (12). In a method of using the apparatus (10), the cutting end (12) is driven into a substrate (14) and a plug (16) of sample material is obtained. Plug (16) is removed form housing (24) by forcing ram (18) in the direction of plug (16).

Abstract: Partially oriented yarns (POY), when processed into short fibers and used as a fiber reinforcement in an elastomer, have been found to demonstrate reduced crack propagation in the elastomer. POY reinforced elastomers can be used in tires to replace cord reinforced components, and for example, can be used in the tread base of a tire, obviating the need for an overlay ply. In one embodiment it has been found that the properties of a fiber reinforced elastomer can be optimized by using a mixture of partially oriented fibers and fibrillated pulp fibers, such as pulped high modulus rigid rod liquid crystalline fibers, as the fiber reinforcement.

Abstract: Springy fibers, when used as a fiber reinforcement in an elastomer, have been found to demonstrate reduced crack propagation in the elastomer. Springy fiber reinforced elastomers can be used in tires in various components.

Abstract: A method of mixing micro and macro fibers into a polymer matrix and products made thereby are provided. In the illustrated method, a micro reinforcing polymer is mixed with an elastomeric base polymer and preformed macro fibers are added thereto. In one embodiment, the micro reinforcing polymer forms micro fibers in a resulting elastomeric matrix which is interspersed with macro fibers. A base polymer matrix interspersed with micro reinforcing polymer and macro fibers made according to the invention can be used in reinforced elastomeric products such as tires.