Abstract: This invention discloses a design a capillary column for use with electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). The capillary design, which results in a marked reduction in the flow of current through the column, enables the use of a two-electrode column construction that overcomes the mechanical and electrical shortfalls of the conventional standard bore design.

Abstract: This invention discloses a pretreatment approach for blood and bodily fluids to remove unwanted protein interferences in the measurement of analytes. Enzymes either contained in a cartridge or immobilized on a solid support break down proteins that complex with the analyte to shield it from detection. This pretreatment significantly enhances the detectability of analytes and does not require subsequent clean-up steps that would normally be required to ensure the functionality of the analysis method, thereby, creating a simple yet powerful approach for sample pretreatment in a variety of settings ranging from a complex laboratory infrastructure to a field deployable application.

Abstract: This invention discloses an approach regarding the use of solid-phase microextractions (SPMEs) in the analytical, bioanalytical, combinatorial sciences, and all other applicable areas of measurement science. The approach applies to the analysis of exceedingly small volumes of a liquid specimen (10s-100s of ?L), and how the concepts of negligible depletion (ND) can be used within the context of tradeoff between extractive (reaction) kinetics, extractive capacity, and sample flow rate as a means to obviate the need to deliver accurately a small volume sample for SPME analysis, improving the ease-of-use for a number of different SPME-based measurements including, for example, disease markers in immunoassays for health care.

Abstract: This invention discloses a design of microplates and microarrays to improve utility. The new design constructs a physical flux barrier that limits thermocapillary and other mass transfer contributions to the heterogeneous accumulation of reactant at the surface of a well or array address. The improved control of reactant delivery results in a much more uniform distribution of reactant across an address, thereby improving the accuracy of the measured response.

Abstract: This invention discloses an approach is improve the strength and reproducibility of the signal generated in FTAs using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) through the design of an approach to generate the plasmonically-enhanced signal for SERS, surface-enhanced infrared (SEIRA), and other enhanced spectroscopies. The design incorporates: (1) a particle-particle coupling strategy that is triggered by the selective capture of an analyte to a particle that has been immobilized on a membrane and has been modified to act as a capture substrate; (2) the selective tagging of the captured analyte by a nanoparticle also designed to generate an amplified plasmonic signal upon tagging; and (3) the incorporation of an internal nanoparticle standard to account for fluctuations in flow rates and flow paths.