Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery comprising an electrochemical cell for electrical energy storage (EES), which is capable of operating in an electrical energy delivery mode in which it generates electrical energy by oxidation of a redox active species and reduction of oxygen in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and eventually in an electrical energy storage mode in which it consumes electrical energy to reduce a redox active species and generates oxygen in an oxygen evolution reaction (OER), wherein the electrochemical cell is a hybrid redox flow cell comprising a negative half-cell (1), a positive half-cell (2), a negolyte (3A) with a polyoxometalate (POM) as redox active species in the negative half-cell (1), a membrane (4) disposed between the negative half-cell (1) and the positive half-cell (2), a negative electrode (5) in the negative half-cell (1), a positive electrode (6) in the positive half-cell (2), characterised in that the polyoxometalate (POM) is capable of multiple electron transfer,

Abstract: A method of providing visibility of foreground elements on a display includes 1) providing a circular RGB hsl hue color wheel having a plurality of colors and numerical angular indicators, 2) constructing a matrix having a maximum color component and a minimum color component, 3) determining each pixel of a display and map the pixel to the matrix to determine a background hue, 4) determining two secondary hues that are different than the background hue, and 5) setting the foreground hue based on the two secondary hues.

Abstract: An engine apparatus and method for operating same is disclosed. The engine generates electrical energy from phase changes of two different mixtures within chambers of the engine. Thermoelectric generators are preferably utilized to generate electrical energy from thermo differentials within the engine created by phase changes during engine operation. The engine may additionally be operated to perform mechanical based work.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for controlling electrical current through an inductive load. The electrical current is supplied by one of at least three selectable dual capacitor bank electrical circuits. The method includes storing electrical energy during a charge operating state in first and second capacitor banks of a first dual capacitor bank circuit. The stored electrical energy is then used to drive the inductive load when operating the first dual capacitor bank circuit in a drive operating state. After depleting the stored electrical energy from the first and second capacitor banks, the first dual capacitor bank transitions to a collection operating state that includes collecting electrical energy from the inductive load. A second and third dual capacitor circuits simultaneously transition among the charge operating state, the drive operating state, and the collection operating state during operation.

Abstract: An engine apparatus and method for operating same is disclosed. The engine generates electrical energy from phase changes of two different mixtures within chambers of the engine. Thermoelectric generators are preferably utilized to generate electrical energy from thermo differentials within the engine created by phase changes during engine operation. The engine may additionally be operated to perform mechanical based work.

Abstract: A system and method for converting kinetic to potential energy across a thermal gradient can include an endothermic unit for absorbing heat, an exothermic unit for releasing heat, and a control unit for receiving energy from an outside source to power the endothermic and exothermic units. The system can also include a first power generation unit having a plurality of thermoelectric elements which convert heat to an electrical potential across a thermal gradient, and a feedback unit for supplying the electrical potential generated by the first power generation unit to the control unit.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronizing data between a network of electronic devices comprising sending one or more messages in the form of a message sequence from a provider to a consumer, each message having descriptive data, a sequence identifier, and a sequence number, verifying by the consumer the presence, format, and continuity of each sequence identifier and sequence number in each message, and upon verification, updating the consumer with the descriptive data in each message.