Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods useful for treating viral infections. As described herein, the compositions and methods are based on the development of immunogenic compositions that include an attenuated or inactivated virus in combination with a non-ionic surfactant vesicle (NISV).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for preparing vesicles. In one aspect, the methods involve providing a molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids and adding the molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids to an aqueous solution comprising an antigen such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed, wherein in the step of adding the molten mixture of vesicle forming lipids is at a temperature of less than 120° C. In another aspect, the methods involve providing a molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids and adding an aqueous solution comprising an antigen to the molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed, wherein the resulting mixture is placed under temperature-controlled conditions of less than 60° C. In yet another aspect, the methods involve providing a solution of vesicle forming lipids and adding the solution of vesicle-forming lipids to an aqueous solution comprising an antigen by injection such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods useful for treating viral infections. As described herein, the compositions and methods are based on the development of immunogenic compositions that include an attenuated or inactivated virus in combination with a non-ionic surfactant vesicle (NISV).