Abstract: Antiretroviral compounds (which are effective, for example, against HIV) of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## or their hydroxy-protected derivatives, and compounds of formula I' ##STR2## wherein T is an acyl radical of formula Z ##STR3## wherein R.sup.z is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl wherein at least one carbon atom has been replaced by a hetero atom with the proviso that a hetero atom is not bonded directly to the carbonyl to which the radical R.sup.z is bonded, alkyl having two or more carbon atoms, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl or unsubstituted or substituted amino, and wherein the radicals R.sub.1, B.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and NR.sub.4 R.sub.5 are as defined in the description, and precursors thereof, are described. The compounds have pharmaceutical activity, for example in the treatment of retroviral diseases, such as AIDS.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumours. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumours. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: There are described compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl- or naphthyl-lower alkoxycarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl wherein heterocyclyl contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, is saturated and is bonded to the carbonyl group via a ring nitrogen atom and, in addition to the bonding nitrogen atom, contains as ring member one or more further hetero atoms selected from unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-substituted NH, O, S, S.dbd.O and SO.sub.2, or is lower alkanoyl, phenyl- or naphthyl-lower alkanoyl or lower alkanesulfonyl,R.sub.3 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, S-oxothiomorpholino or S,S-dioxothiomorpholino, the heterocyclyl radical in heterocyclylcarbonyl R.sub.2 having the same definition as R.sub.3 or having a definition other than R.sub.3, andR.sub.4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl or fluorine, and salts of those compounds where salt-forming groups are present.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, X, R, R.sub.0, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumors. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumors. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: A method for controlling the remanance of a sintered magnet by varying the time when the orienting field is applied during cold compression. The method comprises obtaining powders of an appropriate particle size, compressing the powders in an oriented field, sintering, heat treating, machining and magnetizing to technical saturation. The cold compressing in an orienting field takes place at a precompression rate of more than 15% before the orienting field is applied. The method applies to magnets of all shapes which must have magnetic induction well defined in modulus and in direction, particularly annular magnets for traveling wave tubes.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is thiazolyl or isothiazolyl, and X, R, R.sub.0, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumors.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumours. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein the dotted line, Az, Z, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are effective especially against tumors. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein Tetr, R, R.sub.0, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined in the description, have valuable pharmaceutical properties and are especially effective against tumors. They are prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl substituted by hydroxy or by protected hydroxy, R.sub.2 represents carboxy or functionally modified carboxy, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, amino, mono- or di-substituted amino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, carbamoyloxy, lower alkoxy, halogen, lower alkanoyl, sulphamoyl or heteroarylthio, each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, independently of the other, represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halogen, amino, protected amino, lower alkanoylamino or carbamoyl, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together represent methylenedioxy, Y represents a group of the formula --O--, --S-- or --NR.sub.6 --, R.sub.6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, A.sub.1 represents lower alkylene or unsubstituted or substituted phenylene and A.sub.2 represents a direct bond or lower alkylene, and salts of such compounds, have antibacterial activity. The compounds of the formula I are manufactured by processes that are known per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to azetidin-2-ones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.a represents hydroxy-lower alkyl, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an organic radical bonded by a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom or an etherified mercapto group, R.sub.2.sup.A together with the carbonyl group to which it is attached is a protected carboxyl group and Z' is oxygen, sulfhur or an optionally substituted methylidene group, functional groups in the radicals R.sub.a, R.sub.1 and Z' optionally being in protected form. The azetidinones are useful intermediates for the preparation of penem antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining crystals of intermetallic compounds, in particular isolated monocrystals, by cooling alloys in the molten state.The process involves using an alloy in the molten state which has a composition such that the first phase to crystallize during its solidification corresponds to the compound to be isolated, cooling it slowly by subjecting it to cyclic stirring and thermal cycling without attaining the temperature at which another solid phase appears then abruptly expelling the residual liquid.The process is used for obtaining large monophase primary crystals of compounds which melt congruently or incongruently, in particular compounds having symmetry of order 5 known as "quasi-crystals".

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl substituted by hydroxy or by protected hydroxy, R.sub.2 represents carboxy or functionally modified carboxy, and R.sub.3 represents optionally substituted 3-pyridyl or optionally substituted 4-pyridyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds, have antibacterial activity. The compounds of the formula I can be manufactured according to processes known per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.a represents an organic radical bonded by a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom, a free, etherified or esterified hydroxy or mercapto group or a halogen atom, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an organic radical bonded by a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom, or an etherified mercapto group, and R.sub.2 represents a hydroxy group or an R.sub.2.sup.A radical that together with the carbonyl grouping --C(.dbd.O)-- forms a protected carboxyl group, and to salts of such compounds with salt-forming groups, processes for the manufacture of such compounds, pharmaceutical preparations containing compounds of the formula I with pharmacological properties, and their use. The compounds have antibiotic activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl substituted by hydroxy or by protected hydroxy,R.sub.2 represents carboxy or functionally modified carboxy, andR.sub.3 represents amino, lower alkyl-substituted amino, substituted methyleneamino or protected amino,optical isomers of compounds of the formula I, mixtures of these optical isomers, and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group have antibiotic activity. The compounds of the formula I are manufactured according to processes that are known per se.

Abstract: 2-heterocyclythio-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 represents an optionally protected hydroxy group, R.sub.3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy R.sub.3 ', R.sub.4 represents an unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclyl radical that is bonded via a ring carbon atom to the sulphur atom, and m is 2, 3 or 4, and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers, possess antibiotic properties. The compounds are manufactured according to processes known per se.