Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and methods for modulating brainstem and cerebellar circuits controlling blood pressure or heart rate using a variety of techniques including but not limited to surface stimulation, depth electrode stimulation, and localized infusion of agents to these regions.

Abstract: Methods for the localized delivery of agents to blood vessels are disclosed. The methods of the present invention provide advantages over existing methods for treating, diagnosing, or preventing, vascular disorders. Localized delivery of agents permits the use of agents, such as heparin, for which systemic distribution may be undesirable. Suitable agents include antithrombotic and anti-intimal proliferation agents. An agent may be delivered to a blood vessel by a carrier, such as a polymer, which is adapted to restrict the release of the agent into tissue adjacent to the blood vessel. Alternatively, after applying a carrier to a blood vessel, the carrier may be covered with a barrier adapted to restrict the release of the agent into tissue adjacent to the blood vessel. The methods of the present invention may be applied to a variety of surgical and nonsurgical clinical settings.