Abstract: Disclosed are methods of enhancing neurocognitive function by administering of American Ginseng. Preferred dosages in the range of 5 to 50 mg total genosides enhance cognitive function—including, improvement of working memory (WM) performance, attentional performance (e.g., Choice Reaction Time accuracy), and calmness.

Abstract: A method of controlling body weight in humans by administering an amount of decaffeinated green coffee extract effective to treat a subject. A preferred green coffee extract contains a ratio of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and total chlorogenic acids (tCGA) (5-CQA/tCGA) of between about 0.2 and 0.3. More preferably, the concentration of tCGA is greater than about 45% and the concentration of 5-CQA is less than about 10%. A preferred method of administration consists of administering between about 200 mg and about 1,000 mg per day, more preferably administering about 400 mg per day.

Abstract: A method of enhancing physical performance during exercise by administering an amount of a grape extract effective to treat a subject. A preferred grape extract comprises a concentration of flavanol monomers of greater than about 5% by weight, and more preferably within a range from about 12% by weight to about 50% by weight, and a concentration of flavanol dimers preferably greater than about 2% by weight, and more preferably within a range from about 6% by weight to about 20% by weight. The flavanol monomers preferably include catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and gallic acid. The flavanol dimers preferably include procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, procyanidin B4, and procyanidin B2-O-gallate.

Abstract: A Fraxinus excelsior seed extract that can be administered for therapeutic treatment of a subject, including a human, by blocking fat synthesis, activating PPAR-alpha, increasing hypoglycemic activity, reducing bodyweight, controlling fasting plasma insulin levels against hyperinsulinemia, and promoting insulin sensitivity and causing a beneficial acute insulinotropic effect. The Fraxinus excelsior seed extract includes, inter alia, an isolated compound (2S,3E,4S) 2H-Pyran-4-acetic acid-3-ethylidene-2-[(6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]-3,4-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)methyl ester, commonly called excelside A, an isolated compound (2S,3E,4S) 2H-Pyran-4-acetic acid-3-ethylidene-2-[(6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-?-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl) 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester, commonly called excelside B, and the compounds G15, G13, nuzhenide, and oleoside dimethyl ester.