Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pyrazinyl-triazole compounds of the general formula (I), in which the structural elements X, R1, R2, R31, R31 and R4 have the meaning given in the description, to formulations and compositions comprising such compounds and for their use in the control of animal pests including arthropods and insects in plant protection and to their use for control of ectoparasites on animals.

Abstract: A liquid spraying system having an elongated spray boom with a plurality of spray nozzle assemblies supported thereon. Each spray nozzle assembly has a compact design with first spray nozzle supported on an underside of the spray boom and a turret spray nozzle on a lateral side. Fluid control check valves for the spray nozzles are supported on respective check valve support sections having have annular liquid supply passages offset from each with lateral sides in overlapping relation defining a common liquid inlet to the check valves for directly receiving liquid from a nozzle body inlet passage for more efficient operation. The check valve support sections are in laterally adjacent, longitudinally offset relation to each for defining clearance spaces opening under the spray boom for accommodating potentially interfering items suspended from the spray boom.

Abstract: A waveguide for conveying light with an input end and an output end to supply for an electromagnetic spectrometer includes: an input end having a convex envelope of a cross-section of the waveguide at the input end, which envelope defines a circular shape or a shape of a regular polygon with n1 corners, wherein n1 is a natural number bigger than 3; an output end having a cross-section that defines a slit shape; and a plurality of filaments, wherein an arrangement of the plurality of filaments defines the cross-sections at the input and output ends, wherein each filament includes a core and a reflective coating covering a lateral area of the core, wherein the core includes an optically transparent material.

Abstract: A photonic crystal waveguide for conveying light with an input end and an output end to supply for an electromagnetic spectrometer includes: an input end having a convex envelope of a cross-section of the waveguide at the input end, which envelope defines a circular shape or a shape of a regular polygon with n1 corners, wherein n1 is a natural number bigger than 3; an output end having a cross-section that defines a slit shape; and a plurality of photonic crystal fibers, wherein an arrangement of the plurality of photonic crystal fibers defines the cross-sections at the input and output ends.

Abstract: A gas sensor for determining a concentration of at least one gas in a gas mixture includes: at least one intensity modulatable light source; a measuring section, into which the gas mixture to be investigated can be allowed to flow; and an essentially gas-sealed detection cell, wherein the gas sensor is embodied such that light emitted from the light source is radiated into a measuring section, wherein the intensity of the emitted light is modulated with a modulation frequency, which differs from the resonant frequency of a mode of the acoustic resonance of the detection cell by less than 0.5 times, especially less than 0.25 times, the half-width of the mode. Further, a method for determining the concentration of the at least one gas in the gas mixture uses the gas sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for measuring a first analyte concentration and a second analyte concentration in a measuring medium, the device including: a sample cell; a first light source unit; a first detector unit; a functional element; a second light source unit; a second detector unit; and a control unit adapted to analyze a detected first light for determining a first value representing the concentration of the first analyte in the measuring medium and adapted to analyze a detected third light for determining a second value representing the concentration of the second analyte in the measuring medium. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for determining an amount of a Raman-invisible gas in a multi-component gas stream includes performing a first and second absolute Raman analysis on the gas stream. A decrease in the absolute Raman bands from the first analysis to the second analysis is attributed to an increase of the Raman-invisible gas in the gas stream. The amount of the Raman-invisible gas is calculated from the difference between the first and second sets of Raman bands. The calculation of the Raman-invisible gas is verified via a measurement and a calculation of a secondary property of the gas stream such as the thermal conductivity of the gas stream or the density of the gas stream.

Abstract: A method for determining an amount of a Raman-invisible gas in a multi-component gas stream includes performing a first and second absolute Raman analysis on the gas stream. A decrease in the absolute Raman bands from the first analysis to the second analysis is attributed to an increase of the Raman-invisible gas in the gas stream. The amount of the Raman-invisible gas is calculated from the difference between the first and second sets of Raman bands. The calculation of the Raman-invisible gas is verified via a measurement and a calculation of a secondary property of the gas stream such as the thermal conductivity of the gas stream or the density of the gas stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for forecasting calibration spectra including a step of providing a machine learning model trained using historical calibration data corresponding to different gas species at different pressures. The computer-implemented method also includes steps of performing a calibration scan of one gas species at one pressure using an analyzer and generating calibration curves for the analyzer corresponding to one or multiple gas species at multiple pressures using the machine learning model and the calibration scan. Thereafter, a spectrum is obtained using the analyzer, and a concentration measurement is generated using the spectrum and at least one of the calibration curves.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for measuring a first analyte concentration and a second analyte concentration in a measuring medium, the device including: a sample cell; a first light source unit; a first detector unit; a functional element; a second light source unit; a second detector unit; and a control unit adapted to analyze a detected first light for determining a first value representing the concentration of the first analyte in the measuring medium and adapted to analyze a detected third light for determining a second value representing the concentration of the second analyte in the measuring medium. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for managing and routing client queries within an entity is provided. The method may include receiving a client query including origination identification data associated with a sender of the client query. In response to searching in a database for history correlating to the origination identification data, determining that no relevant history exists with respect to the origination identification data. The method may include identifying the sender by identifying, within the query, a first character string identical to a first keyword stored in a classification model within a database, using the first keyword to identify a second character string that includes the first keyword in addition to other characters, identifying, from a list of sub-entities, a sub-entity associated with the first keyword and using a combination of the first keyword, the sub-entity and one or more attributes to identify the sender as an existing client.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for forecasting calibration spectra including a step of providing a machine learning model trained using historical calibration data corresponding to different gas species at different pressures. The computer-implemented method also includes steps of performing a calibration scan of one gas species at one pressure using an analyzer and generating calibration curves for the analyzer corresponding to one or multiple gas species at multiple pressures using the machine learning model and the calibration scan. Thereafter, a spectrum is obtained using the analyzer, and a concentration measurement is generated using the spectrum and at least one of the calibration curves.

Abstract: A method for managing and routing client queries within an entity is provided. The method may include receiving a client query including origination identification data associated with a sender of the client query. In response to searching in a database for history correlating to the origination identification data, determining that no relevant history exists with respect to the origination identification data. The method may include identifying the sender by identifying, within the query, a first character string identical to a first keyword stored in a classification model within a database, using the first keyword to identify a second character string that includes the first keyword in addition to other characters, identifying, from a list of sub-entities, a sub-entity associated with the first keyword and using a combination of the first keyword, the sub-entity and one or more attributes to identify the sender as an existing client.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a light source that emits a beam into a sample volume comprising an absorbing medium. Thereafter, at least one detector detects at least a portion of the beam emitted by the light source. It is later determined, based on the detected at least a portion of the beam and by a controller, that a position and/or an angle of the beam should be changed. The beam emitted by the light source is then actively steered by an actuation element under control of the controller. In addition, a concentration of the absorbing media can be quantified or otherwise calculated (using the controller or optionally a different processor that can be local or remote). The actuation element(s) can be coupled to one or more of the light source, a detector or detectors, and a reflector or reflectors intermediate the light source and the detector(s).

Abstract: A radiation detector for a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer has two detector chambers, which are surrounded by a housing and separated by a separating element permeable to infrared radiation and impermeable to gas and which can be filled with a radiation-absorbing measurement gas. A receiving element, which has a measuring system fastened therein and including a flow- or pressure-sensitive sensor, can be attached to a contact surface on an outer face of the housing. Each detector chamber is pneumatically connected to the measuring system by a channel, which extends in the housing and is open to gas. The housing of the radiation detector is modularly constructed and includes a base element, which encloses the channel, the separating element, and the measuring system fastened in the receiving element, and a first and a second outer element, each of which can be connected to the base element and surrounds a detector chamber.

Abstract: A radiation detector for a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer has two detector chambers, which are surrounded by a housing and separated by a separating element permeable to infrared radiation and impermeable to gas and which can be filled with a radiation-absorbing measurement gas. A receiving element, which has a measuring system fastened therein and including a flow- or pressure-sensitive sensor, can be attached to a contact surface on an outer face of the housing. Each detector chamber is pneumatically connected to the measuring system by a channel, which extends in the housing and is open to gas. The housing of the radiation detector is modularly constructed and includes a base element, which encloses the channel, the separating element, and the measuring system fastened in the receiving element, and a first and a second outer element, each of. which can be connected to the, base element and surrounds a detector chamber.

Abstract: A continuous flow process for sulfonating 1,2.diaminobenzene comprises introducing a sulfonation mixture into a microreactor inlet of a continuous flow microreactor to produce a flow of the sulfonation mixture through the continuous flow microreactor. The sulfonation mixture comprises 1,2 aminobenzene dissolved in a molar excess of sulfuric acid. The continuous flow microreactor comprises one or more individual fluidic modules each having various features with respect to channel width and thermal management. The process further comprises maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 150.230 deg C. in at least a portion of the individual fluidic modules while the sulfonation mixture flows from the microreactor inlet to the microreactor outlet. Thereupon, the sulfonation mixture is received from the microreactor outlet. Finally, a sulfonated reaction product is precipitated out of the sulfonation mixture received from the microreactor outlet. The sulfonated reaction product is 3,4.

Abstract: A continuous flow process for sulfonating 1,2.diaminobenzene comprises introducing a sulfonation mixture into a microreactor inlet of a continuous flow microreactor to produce a flow of the sulfonation mixture through the continuous flow microreactor. The sulfonation mixture comprises 1,2 aminobenzene dissolved in a molar excess of sulfuric acid. The continuous flow microreactor comprises one or more individual fluidic modules each having various features with respect to channel width and thermal management. The process further comprises maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 150.230 deg C. in at least a portion of the individual fluidic modules while the sulfonation mixture flows from the microreactor inlet to the microreactor outlet. Thereupon, the sulfonation mixture is received from the microreactor outlet. Finally, a sulfonated reaction product is precipitated out of the sulfonation mixture received from the microreactor outlet. The sulfonated reaction product is 3,4.