Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for three-dimensional (3D) displaying objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining data including respective primitive data for primitives corresponding to an object, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each element of a display for each of the primitives by calculating an EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, generating a sum of the EM field contributions from the primitives for each of the elements, transmitting to each of the elements a respective control signal for modulating at least one property of the element based on the sum of the EM field contributions, and transmitting a timing control signal to an illuminator to activate the illuminator to illuminate light on the display, such that the light is caused by the modulated elements of the display to form a volumetric light field corresponding to the object.

Abstract: A device for loading and compacting rubbish in a receptacle includes a foldable billfold-type panel having upper and lower pivotably articulated sections and a sweeping element articulated to the end of the lower section and pivotably drivable, by actuators, in a trajectory about the lower section end. When the sections are disposed in a substantially folded orientation relative to one another the sweeping element is pivoted upwardly about the lower section end to permit rubbish to be loaded into a receiving portion of the receptacle. Thereafter, the sections are moved to a substantially co-planar orientation where the sweeping element is pivoted downwardly and about the lower section end to sweep the rubbish behind the sections. Finally, the sections are returned to the substantially folded orientation whereupon the rubbish behind the sections is compressed and compacted.

Abstract: Device for actuating and controlling the movable bottom of a refuse collection or like body, notably in a refuse collection vehicle and for improving the performance of the main functions of such body or vehicle, by providing a uniform compression of the refuse within the body and ensuring a more reliable operation under recompression and ejection conditions, while eliminating the risk of wrong manoeuvres. This device comprises a telescopic-type hydraulic cylinder and piston actuator controlling the movements of said movable bottom, namely the compression of refuse and the development of a retaining force during the ramming of the refuse by the ramming means incorporated in the hinged door at the opposite end of the body. To this end, an automatic valve is interposed in the hydraulic circuit controlling said movable bottom, said valve remaining close as long as the pressure exerted by the refuse ramming means or the pressure exerted by the refuse against said bottom remains below a predetermined value.