Abstract: Methods and systems for using a signal to generate a pilot tone to modulate the bias point of an amplifier that amplifies the signal.

Abstract: A remote node system with an amplitude modulation (AM) star architecture is formed between a remote node and a plurality of field nodes split from the remote CCAP node. In embodiments, an R-CCAP node can be combined with amplitude modulation (AM) optics in a star architecture for building low power nodes, supporting set top box (STB) out of band (OOB) signals, and increasing system bandwidth (BW). The remote node can be implemented in media content delivery networks, such as a hybrid fiber-coax HFC network or evolving radio frequency over glass (RFoG) networks.

Abstract: A transmitter, using frequency sub-band coding, can output a plurality of narrowcast and/or broadcast signals to a plurality of sub-groups or nodes along a single optical link. The transmitter can output the plurality of signals as multiple slices of spectrum, wherein each slice of spectrum is designated for a particular sub-group or node. The transmitter can further instruct each receiver or node as to which slice of spectrum to use and at which frequency to output the associated signal information to its intended subscribers. Thus, a single transmitter can feed narrowcast information to multiple nodes or receivers along a single optical link. In embodiments, channels can be monitored and manipulated on a channel-by-channel basis, and channels delivered using different network solutions can be combined.

Abstract: The methods, systems, and apparatuses described in this disclosure enable the use of pluggable optics such that two outgoing connections or two incoming connections can support the use of dual transmitter optics and/or dual receiver optics. The forward and/or reverse capacity of an optical network can be doubled using two transmitters and/or receivers operating in parallel. In embodiments, forward and/or reverse capacity of an optical network can be doubled using a double capacity transmitter or receiver that is operable to combine two or more electrical signals into a single optical signal. A pluggable can support two transmitting or two receiving optical links, and can also support a double capacity transmitting or receiving optical link.

Abstract: A optical transmission system includes light sources generating light of at least two wavelengths, where any two adjacent wavelengths are separated by less than 10 nm. The wavelengths fall within the zero dispersion zone of an optical fiber, and may be shifted by 1 nm or less to reduce crosstalk effects.

Abstract: Systems and methods to optimize QAM transmission are provided. In some implementations, a QAM transmitter can operate to optimize QAM transmissions by reducing high peak signals levels via a QAM subgroup inversion. In additional implementations, systems and methods can provide for a QAM transmitter to optimize QAM transmissions by applying a recursive inversion process of QAM blocks to minimize peak output. In still further implementations, systems and methods can provide for a QAM transmitter to optimize QAM transmissions by suppressing QAM subgroups in a circular QAM constellation. Optimizing QAM transmission can provide enhancement in power efficiency of active transmission equipment thereby avoiding high peak signal levels and reducing the instances of clipping.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver includes multiple single mode optical ports and a multi-mode optical port. A multi-mode optical combiner combines single mode optical signals received at the single mode optical ports into a multi-mode optical signal at the multi-mode optical port. Each single mode optical signal has a distinct optical mode that does not interfere with the optical mode of the other single mode optical signals. A photo detector detects a total optical power of the plurality of single mode optical signals in the multi-mode optical signal. An amplifier is coupled to receive an output of the photo detector.

Abstract: A system to measure forces on a gasket includes a gasket formed with an inner ring, an outer ring, and a winding disposed between the inner and outer rings, and at least one force sensor positioned perpendicular to the outer ring.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver includes multiple single mode optical ports and a multi-mode optical port. A multi-mode optical combiner combines single mode optical signals received at the single mode optical ports into a multi-mode optical signal at the multi-mode optical port. Each single mode optical signal having a distinct optical mode that does not interfere with the optical mode of the other single mode optical signals. A photo detector coupled to the multi-mode optical combiner detects a total optical power of the single mode optical signals in the multi-mode optical signal.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes a laser and an external modulator that is used to modulate the optical signal using amplitude modulation (AM). The AM is accompanied by frequency modulation (FM) of the output signal that is generally detrimental to system performance. Both the laser and the modulator are driven by an RF input signal, where part of this RF signal is common. By adjusting the relative drive signals the FM response to the modulator drive signal can be cancelled by a laser drive signal or adjusted to a preferred value.

Abstract: Platelets or blood cells are detected in a fluid sample by adjusting a focal depth of a microscope through a range of values, the microscope having a mounted sample and an objective lens adapted with one or both of (a) a spherical aberration correction unmatched to a utilized cover plate for the sample, or (2) a numerical aperture unmatched to a utilized illumination source for the sample. Images are recorded at different specific focal depths and in multiple z planes of a fluid bearing the platelets, where the position of platelets may overlap on different of the multiple z planes that are recorded, the images recorded through the cover plate, thus causing the generation of a specific light-dark pattern indicative of platelets at particular positions and at multiple depths in the fluid media. The images are analyzed for the specific light-dark pattern.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided to digitize an analog multi-channel RF narrowcast signal in an overlay system by dividing the signal into a plurality of subband signals and digitizing each subband signal using practical A/D converters.

Abstract: A network device includes output rate control logic having variable bandwidth and a response time constant that increases according to an amount of time that an input rate of data to the network device is evaluated by the control logic.

Abstract: “A process of scheduling stream packets for output from a multiplexing network device involves prioritizing the output of packets first according to stream priority, and within a particular priority, by stream ID.

Abstract: Systems and methods can provide an improved broadband linearizer that includes a distortion generator with a bypass path for generating both composite triple beat (CTB) and composite second order (CSO) distortions suitable for linearizing a laser. The linearized laser can be suitable for injection into a communications network such as, for example, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network, among others.

Abstract: Systems and methods can provide an optical transmitter/combiner having improved isolation and signal to noise ratio performance. The input ports can be amplified with single ended amplifiers, attenuated with a loss network, combined and re-amplified with a second amplifier stage. The amplifier distortion performance, loss and gain levels can be chosen such that the second order distortions of the input port amplifier and the amplifier following a combiner are self-cancelling such that the distortion can be reduced. The obtained distortion performance can be reasonable while gain and signal to noise ratio are improved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for controlling a bias point voltage for an external optical modulator are provided. A control loop is used to adjust a bias signal applied to an external modulator by determining unwanted signals at a predetermined frequency received by an optical receiver of the control loop and accounting for these unwanted signals when determining the bias point voltage.

Abstract: A process involves controlling an output rate of a network device using rate control logic, and providing a variable bandwidth for the rate control logic and increasing a response time constant of the rate control logic according to an amount of time that an input rate of data to the network device is evaluated by the rate control logic; applying a rate estimate when a determination of the output rate to a predetermined accuracy is unavailable; applying a time rate determined from the difference in two PCR packets otherwise; and applying the time rate determined from the difference in two PCR packets unless the rate estimate shows that an actual rate has changed to an extent that triggers a change in the output rate to the rate estimate.

Abstract: A method to measure glucose within the blood of a tissue test area includes illuminating the tissue test area using a single mode light source at a point of incidence, with at least some of the light penetrating tissue at the point of incidence; calibrating the light source by adjusting a distance between the point of incidence and an axicon lens; collecting returning radiation from the tissue test area at a point offset from the point of incidence; removing tissue fluorescence using edge filters; removing additional tissue fluorescence by shifting the excitation wavelength of the single mode light source; heating the test area; and analyzing a returned Raman signal to determine the glucose within the blood.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided to digitize an analog multi-channel RF narrowcast signal in an overlay system by dividing the signal into a plurality of subband signals and digitizing each subband signal using practical A/D converters.