Abstract: An erosion-indicating safety fitting having a fluid passage formed within for connection in-line with a pipe and a cage of interconnecting breach passages formed into the block and surrounding the fluid passage, particularly at areas having a predicted risk of erosion. A pressure gauge, connected to the breach passages, registers a change in pressure to equal that of the pressure in the fluid passage should the material between the fluid passage and one or more of the breach passages be eroded by the flow of particulate-laden fluid within the fluid passage. The fitting can then be changed before compromising the safety of personnel and the environment.

Abstract: An erosion-indicating safety fitting having a fluid passage formed within for connection in-line with a pipe and a cage of interconnecting breach passages formed into the block and surrounding the fluid passage, particularly at areas having a predicted risk of erosion. A pressure gauge, connected to the breach passages, registers a change in pressure to equal that of the pressure in the fluid passage should the material between the fluid passage and one or more of the breach passages has been eroded by the flow of particulate-laden fluid within the fluid passage. The fitting can then be changed before compromising the safety of personnel and the environment.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted straight or branched C.sub.1-10 alkylene group or a straight or branched C.sub.1-10 alkylene group having an intervening heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen;R.sup.2 is hydroxy, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, nitrile, azido, a quaternary ammonio group, --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6, ##STR2## azetidinyl, or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group selected from heteroaromatic and heteroalicyclic joined through a carbon atom thereof;or a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are novel antimicrobial agents which are useful in the treatment of infectious disease in humans and other animals. Novel intermediates and processes for their preparation are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic radicals and X represents certain hetero-interrupted substituted alkyl radicals. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic radicals and X represents certain hetero-interrupted substituted alkyl radicals. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic substituents and X represents certain organic substituents. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic radicals and X represents certain hereto-interrupted substituted alkyl radicals. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic radicals and X represents certain hetero-interrupted substituted alkyl radicals. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is hydrogen, halo or certain organic substituents and X represents certain organic substituents. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above compounds and derivatives of the above compounds in which the carboxyl group at the 3-position is protected as by an easily removable ester protecting group. The compounds of the present invention are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is halo or hydroxyl and X is acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of the above formula in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds. The compounds are potent antibacterial agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel phosphorane intermediates of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl. The intermediates are of use in preparing 2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds having potent antibacterial activity.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is etherified hydroxyl and X is acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of the above formula in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds. The compounds are potent antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is hydroxyl esterified with a sulfonic acid residue and X is acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of the above formula in which the carboxyl group of the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds. The compounds are potent antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the preparation of novel 2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds having the formula ##STR1## and easily cleavable esters and carboxylic acid salts thereof. The compounds of formula I, particularly the dextrorotatory isomers thereof, are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is halo, hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue or a sulfonic acid residue and X is amino, azido or acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1, 6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is halo, hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue or a sulfonic acid residue and X is amino, azido or acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carbonyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is halo, hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue or a sulfonic acid residue and X is amino, azido or acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is halo, hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue or a sulfonic acid residue and X is amino, azido or acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1,6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1##wherein Z is halo, hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue or a sulfonic acid residue and X is amino, azido or acylamino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.

Abstract: There is described the stereoselective total synthesis of novel .DELTA..sup.2,3 -1,4-morpholine-2-carboxylic acids possessing a fused .beta.-lactam ring in the 1, 6-position and carrying a substituent cis to carbon 5 in the 7-position of the fused ring system represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is hydroxyl esterified with a carboxylic acid residue and X is amino. Also included in the invention are compounds of formula I in which the carboxyl group at the 2-position is protected as by an easily cleavable ester group and salts of both the free acids and carboxyl-protected compounds of formula I. The compounds of formula I are potent antibacterial agents or are of use as intermediates in the preparation of such antibacterial agents.