Abstract: The current invention provides for improved methods for determining PAR, and uses thereof. These improved methods involve an incubation step at a low temperature, for example around, but above, the freezing point after a PARP activation step. This improves the assay's sensitivity in comparison to current assay's performance. For example, sensitivity can be improved in methods assaying cells obtained from subjects such as human patients. The current invention also allows to provide methods to screen compounds for modulating PARG and/or PARP activity.

Abstract: This invention pertains to methods of increasing the bioavailability and/or cellular uptake of an amphiphilic drug when administered parenterally, which method comprises the step of parenterally co-administering the drug with a short-chain sphingolipid as described herein.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations containing (i) an amphiphilic drug and (ii) a short-chain sphingolipid are described and provided herein along with methods of making and using same.

Abstract: This invention pertains to pharmaceutical formulations which comprise (i) a drug (e.g., an amphiphilic drug) (e.g., an anthracycline) (e.g., doxorubicin) and (ii) a short-chain sphingolipid (e.g., a short-chain glycosphingolipid or a short-chain sphingomyelin) (e.g., N-octanoyl-glucosylceramide, referred to as C8-GlcCer) (e.g., N-hexanoyl-sphingomyelin, referred to herein as C6-SM), and which provide improved drug delivery and efficacy.