Abstract: New metal persulfido compositions of matter are described. In one embodiment the metal is molybdenum and the metal persulfido complex mimics the structure and function of the triangular active edge site fragments of MoS2, a material that is the current industry standard for petroleum hydro desulfurization, as well as a promising low-cost alternative to platinum for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. This molecular [(PY5W2)MoS2]x+ containing catalyst is capable of generating hydrogen from acidic-buffered water or even seawater at very low overpotentials at a turnover frequency rate in excess of 500 moles H2 per mole catalyst per second, with a turnover number (over a 20 hour period) of at least 19,000,000 moles H2 per mole of catalyst.

Abstract: New metal persulfido compositions of matter are described. In one embodiment the metal is molybdenum and the metal persulfido complex mimics the structure and function of the triangular active edge site fragments of MoS2, a material that is the current industry standard for petroleum hydro desulfurization, as well as a promising low-cost alternative to platinum for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. This molecular [(PY5W2)MoS2]x+ containing catalyst is capable of generating hydrogen from acidic-buffered water or even seawater at very low overpotentials at a turnover frequency rate in excess of 500 moles H2 per mole catalyst per second, with a turnover number (over a 20 hour period) of at least 19,000,000 moles H2 per mole of catalyst.

Abstract: New metal persulfido compositions of matter are described. In one embodiment the metal is molybdenum and the metal persulfido complex mimics the structure and function of the triangular active edge site fragments of MoS2, a material that is the current industry standard for petroleum hydro desulfurization, as well as a promising low-cost alternative to platinum for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. This molecular [(PY5W2)MoS2]x+ containing catalyst is capable of generating hydrogen from acidic-buffered water or even seawater at very low overpotentials at a turnover frequency rate in excess of 500 moles H2 per mole catalyst per second, with a turnover number (over a 20 hour period) of at least 19,000,000 moles H2 per mole of catalyst.

Abstract: A method of detecting a target substance includes providing a number of molecular tethers at a channel surface of a sensor such that at least some of a plurality of beads, as a result of a biological interaction between a target substance and the tethers, are attached to the channel surface by the tethers or released from the channel's surface by cleaving the tethers. This method further includes introducing an analyte into the channel and determining the population of beads at the channel surface to indicate a presence of the target substance in the analyte.

Abstract: A sensor, in one configuration, includes a plurality of beads located in a channel. The beads are attached to a surface of the channel by a biological binding mechanism that can be selectively unbound in the presence of a target substance. A measurement system is configured and arranged to determine the population of beads in the channel after the introduction of an analyte solution into the channel.

Abstract: New metal persulfido compositions of matter are described. :In one embodiment the metal is molybdenum and the metal persulfido complex mimics the structure and function of the triangular active edge site fragments of MoS2, a material that is the current industry standard for petroleum hydro desulfurization, as well as a promising low-cost alternative to platinum for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. This molecular [(PY5W2)MoS2]x+ containing catalyst is capable of generating hydrogen from acidic-buffered water or even seawater at very low overpotentials at a turnover frequency rate in excess of 500 moles H2 per mole catalyst per second, with a turnover number (over a 20 hour period) of at least 19,000,000 moles H2 per mole of catalyst.

Abstract: A sensor, in one configuration, includes a plurality of beads located in a channel. The beads are attached to a surface of the channel by a biological binding mechanism that can be selectively unbound in the presence of a target substance. A measurement system is configured and arranged to determine the population of beads in the channel after the introduction of an analyte solution into the channel.