Abstract: The invention relates to a method for disassembling and extracting process for the sustainable production of natural fibers and several natural bio-based products obtained from pineapple plant biomass. The embodiment of the present invention comprises a simultaneous mechanical hydrodynamic disruption and homogenization processing, a combination of extracting disruptive fractionating action that has the capacity to crack and breakdown thoroughly plant cells and plant tissues from different parts of the pineapple plant to unlock biofibers and multiple natural components at cytologic level and plant tissues.

Abstract: Methods to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material are provided, as well as novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass.

Abstract: Methods to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material are provided, as well as novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass.

Abstract: Methods to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material are provided, as well as novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biological system for expanding the dethiazolidine ring of penicillins into the dehydrothiazine ring of cephalosporins or cephalosporin precursors. In particular, the invention defines reaction conditions under which expandase enzyme can convert penicillin substrates other than penicillin N into cephalosporins. The invention therefore provides a relatively inexpensive, uncomplicated, and environmentally friendly biological system for cephalosporin production from penicillins, which system can replace the synthetic chemical approaches currently utilized. In particular, the invention provides a system for producing DOAG and/or DAG, which can be enzymatically converted into 7-ADCA and 7-ADAC, which, in turn, can be enzymatically or chemically converted into valuable cephalosporins of commerce.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biological system for expanding the dethiazolidine ring of penicillins into the dehydrothiazine ring of cephalosporins or cephalosporin precursors. In particular, the invention defines reaction conditions under which expandase enzyme can convert penicillin substrates other than penicillin N into cephalosporins. The invention therefore provides a relatively inexpensive, uncomplicated, and environmentally friendly biological system for cephalosporin production from penicillins, which system can replace the synthetic chemical approaches currently utilized. In particular, the invention provides a system for producing DOAG and/or DAG, which can be enzymatically converted into 7-ADCA and 7-ADAC, which, in turn, can be enzymatically or chemically converted into valuable cephalosporins of commerce.