Abstract: A system, comprising: a sigma-delta modulator using an integrator of a cascade-of-integrator feedback topology to perform operations is disclosed. The operations can comprise in response to receiving a gain value, applying the gain value to a group of feed-forward coefficients, determining a change in the gain value, and adjusting, during a clock cycle of a defined time period, a plurality of state variables of the sigma-delta modulator by multiplying each of the state variables by the scale factor that is a ratio of the gain value after determining the change in the gain value the gain value before determining the change in the gain value.

Abstract: An input circuitry for receiving an analog input signal comprises: an input transistor configured to receive the analog input signal on a gate terminal of the input transistor wherein the input transistor is connected to a digital component providing a digital signal, and wherein the input transistor is configured to receive the digital signal on a bulk terminal of the input transistor; wherein the input transistor is configured to provide an output current based on the analog input signal and the digital signal, such that the input transistor provides digital-to-analog conversion of the digital signal received on the bulk terminal.

Abstract: An electrode arrangement for stimulating and recording electrical signals in biological matter comprises: an array (110) of electrodes (112), wherein electrodes (112) are configured to be switchable between stimulating and recording of electrical signals; a control unit (120), wherein the control unit (120) is configured to select a plurality of electrodes (112) to form a combined macroelectrode site (114) for providing a stimulating signal, wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to determine a perimeter electrode (112b) and a central electrode (112a), wherein the perimeter electrode (112b) is arranged at a perimeter of the combined macroelectrode site (114) and the central electrode (112a) is arranged centrally within the combined macroelectrode site (114), and wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to provide a stimulation signal to the perimeter electrode (112b) that has a lower magnitude than a stimulation signal provided to the central electrode (112a).

Abstract: A sensor readout circuitry comprises: a delta-sigma modulator; an input stage for receiving an analog sensor input signal, wherein a transconductance amplifier and a current mirror incorporate a flipped voltage follower, wherein a feedback signal from a digital-to-analog converter of the delta-sigma modulator is received such that subtraction between the analog sensor input signal and the feedback signal is performed in the transconductance amplifier and mirrored by the current mirror to an output of the input stage; wherein the transconductance amplifier comprises a first, second and third chopper, whereby a chopping loop between the first, second and third choppers is formed including an input transistor and current sources and whereby the analog sensor input signal is in baseband at a node in which the feedback signal is received.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter, ADC, module is configured to operate in a coarse conversion ADC phase, and a fine conversion ADC phase comprising a delta modulation loop for tracking a signal, wherein the ADC module is configured to, at initiation of input of an analog signal, operate in the coarse conversion ADC phase for determining a coarse digital value; wherein the ADC module is configured to, when the coarse digital value is determined, operate in the fine conversion ADC phase, receive the coarse digital value as an initial approximation of the analog signal and track the analog signal during a finite duration.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter, ADC, module is configured to operate in a coarse conversion ADC phase, and a fine conversion ADC phase comprising a delta modulation loop for tracking a signal, wherein the ADC module is configured to, at initiation of input of an analog signal, operate in the coarse conversion ADC phase for determining a coarse digital value; wherein the ADC module is configured to, when the coarse digital value is determined, operate in the fine conversion ADC phase, receive the coarse digital value as an initial approximation of the analog signal and track the analog signal during a finite duration.

Abstract: An electrode arrangement for stimulating and recording electrical signals in biological matter comprises: an array (110) of electrodes (112), wherein electrodes (112) are configured to be switchable between stimulating and recording of electrical signals; a control unit (120), wherein the control unit (120) is configured to select a plurality of electrodes (112) to form a combined macroelectrode site (114) for providing a stimulating signal, wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to determine a perimeter electrode (112b) and a central electrode (112a), wherein the perimeter electrode (112b) is arranged at a perimeter of the combined macroelectrode site (114) and the central electrode (112a) is arranged centrally within the combined macroelectrode site (114), and wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to provide a stimulation signal to the perimeter electrode (112b) that has a lower magnitude than a stimulation signal provided to the central electrode (112a).