Abstract: New phosphorous organic amides of a specific formula and their use as stabilizers for polymers and, other organic materials.

Abstract: A method of preparing carboxylic acids or esters thereof by the oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof is carried out in a two-phase aqueous-organic system in which the organic phase contains the unsaturated fatty acid and/or the esters thereof and the aqueous phase contains hydrogen peroxide. The oxidative cleavage is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system including a catalyst belonging to the group constituted by tungstic and molybdic acids and alkaline salts thereof, and an onium salt which acts as a phase-transfer agent for the catalyst, and has the formula:(R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 M).sup.+ Y.sup.-in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrocarbon groups of which at least one must have more than 10 carbon atoms,M is N or P, andY.sup.- is an inorganic anion.

Abstract: New organic phosphites of a specific formula are used as stabilizers for polymers and other organic materials.

Abstract: Cross-linkable thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic polyesters comprising at least one unit derived from an aromatic diol substituted with at least one allyl group, in combination with units derived from dioxyaryl and dicarboxyaryl monomers.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of phenyl substituted aromatic diols, obtained by dehydrogenation of the corresponding substituted cyclohexyl derivatives in the presence of a palladium supported catalyst, said palladium supported catalyst being prepared by a process which comprises treating a palladium hydrolysis compound with reducing agents.

Abstract: Preparation of 2-aryl-hydroquinones of formula (I) by oxidizing by an electrochemical route a compound of formula (II): ##STR1## wherein A represents an aryl group optionally substituted with groups compatible with the reaction conditions in an acidic aqueous reaction medium, at temperatures within the range of from 10.degree. to 100.degree. C., and with anodes of graphite or PbO.sub.2. The products are used in photography and in the field of liquid-crystal polymers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of 2-methyl-5-pyrazinoic acid consisting of electrochemically oxidizing a compound having formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --OH, Cl, Br, --O--CO--R, --O--SO.sub.2 --R, in which R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl radical, optionally substituted with F or Cl, or it is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl radical, in an aqueous alkaline medium, at a temperature ranging from 20.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., using anodes coated with nickel oxide-hydroxide.

Abstract: Thermotropic liquid-crystalline aromatic polyesters processable in the molten state, comprising units derived from at least one dicarboxylic aromatic acid and from mono- and di-substituted (1-phenyl-ethyl)-hydroquinones in admixture with hydroquinone, and/or hydroquinones substituted with halogen or alky, aryl or cycloalkyl groups.

Abstract: Thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic polyesters of 3,3'-diphenyl-4,4'-dihydroxydyphenyl containing units derived from mono-substituted hydroquinones in amounts over 10% by moles with respect to the total of the aromatic diols.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline, thermotropic, aromatic polyesters processable in the molten state, comprising units derived from hydroquinones substituted with aryl, aralkyl and aroyl groups, and from phenoxy-hydroquinone.

Abstract: Thermotropic liquid crystalline aromatic polyesters of 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl substituted in 3,3' positions by a halogen or by an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical.

Abstract: Process for the hydrogenation of bis-phenols by reacting bis-phenols with hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic system consisting of palladium supported on activated carbon.

Abstract: Polyphenylenethers are prepared by oxidative polymerization of phenols in the presence of oxygen and of organic bases (amines), by using copper-based catalysts having general formula:(B).sub.n (Cu).sub.a X.sub.b Y.sub.zwhereinB=optionally substituted naphthiridie group,X=halogen, or nitro group or perchlorate group,Y=bridge compound between the copper atoms, of the pyrazole or imidazole type,z=0 or 1, wherefore: when z=0,a and n, either like or unlike each other, are 1 or 2,b=an integer from 1 to 3, extremes included, while, when z=1:n=a=2b=3.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of esters or salts of aromatic or etheroaromatic acids having formula Y--Ar--CO--OR (I), where:Ar represents an aromatic group constituted by one or more benzene rings, optionally condensed, or an etheroaromatic nucleus optionally condensed with one or more benzene rings;Y represents from zero to more substituents, equal or different, chosen among a halogen; an alkyl group having up to 6 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having up to 5 carbon atoms; an ester group --COOR', where R' contains up to 5 carbon atoms; a hydroxyl group; a phenyloxy group, optionally substituted with groups inert under reaction conditions; a trifluoromethyl group; a nitrile group; an amidic group (--CONH.sub.2); an acetamidic group (--NH--CO--CH.sub.3); or an acyl group --CO--R", where R" represents a hydrocarbon group having up to 8 carbon atoms;R represents an alkyl group R.sub.1 having up to 5 carbon atoms or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal M.

Abstract: Alpha-arylpropionic acids and alkaline salts thereof are prepared by catalytic reaction with carbon monoxide of the corresponding secondary halids in an anhydrous low alcohol solvent in the presence of a salt of cobalt hydrocarbonyl and in further presence of alkaline hydroxides under substantially ambient temperature and pressure conditions.The products obtained find useful applications in the field of pharmaceutics (analgesics, antipyretics, etc.) and as intermediates for chemical syntheses of fine chemicals, phytodrugs, etc.

Abstract: Phenyl pyruvic acid and substituted derivatives thereof are synthesized by catalytic carbonylation of a benzyl halide in the presence of a catalytic system based on carbonyl complexes of cobalt or precursors thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing alpha-thienylacetic acid, alkyl esters and salts thereof by carbonylation of 2-chloromethylthiophene, characterized in that 2-chloromethylthiophene and carbon monoxide are reacted under atmospheric pressure and at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 60.degree. C., in an aqueous-alcoholic solution in the presence of a catalyst selected from the class consisting of Co.sub.2 (CO).sub.8, MCo(CO).sub.4 where M is selected from the class consisting of Na and K, and a system comprising a cobalt salt (such as cobaltous chloride), a ferro-manganese alloy and at least one sulphur-containing promoter (such as the alkaline sulphides and thiosulphates), and in the presence of an inorganic base, and the separating the alpha-thienylacetic acid from the resulting salt and/or ester obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing phenylacetic acid. In particular, the present invention relates to a catalytic process for the synthesis of the alkaline salts of phenylacetic acid by carbonylation of benzyl halides in a diphase system in the presence of cobalt carbonyl complexes. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for preparing alkaline salts of phenylacetic acid by reacting a benzyl halide selected from chloride and bromide with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst consisting in a salt of cobalt hydrocarbonyl, characterized in that the reaction is conducted in an aqueous/organic diphase system consisting of (a) an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkaline base, and (b) the benzyl halide in an organic solvent, in the presence of a catalyst system composed by a quaternary alkylammonium salt and by a cobalt hydrocarbonyl salt, at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature ranging from 20.degree. to 70.degree. C about.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxylic acids by reaction of carbon monoxide with aromatic and aliphatic organic halides, optionally further substituted by groups inert under the reaction conditions, and catalyzed by phosphinic palladium complexes and in the presence of quaternary alkyl-ammonium salts, characterized in that said process is conducted in a double liquid phase consisting essentially of (a) the organic halide and the catalytic palladium complex or their solutions in at least one hydrocarbon solvent immiscible with H.sub.2 O, and (b) an aqueous inorganic alkaline solution containing the quaternary alkyl-ammonium salt, at a temperature between about 50.degree. and 150.degree. C. More particularly, the reaction is conducted in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from among:A. at least one palladium complex of the formula:Pd[P(R).sub.3 ].sub.mwherein m is a whole number from 2 to 4, and (R).sub.